{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:46:31Z","timestamp":1780613191290,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacejournalendocrinepractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T11:57:02Z","timestamp":1617364622000},"page":"621-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Minimizing Venous Thromboembolism in Feminizing Hormone Therapy: Applying Lessons From Cisgender Women and Previous Data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3195-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy","family":"Zucker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Reisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Safer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.12.019","article-title":"Adolf Butenandt\u2014Nobel Prize for Chemistry","volume":"87","author":"Shampo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"suppl 12B","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.059","article-title":"Estrogens and progestins: background and history, trends in use, and guidelines and regimens approved by the US Food and Drug Administration","volume":"118","author":"Stefanick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.18.1965","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolic disease associated with hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: a clinical review","volume":"164","author":"Gomes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-1038","article-title":"A\u00a0long-term follow-up study of mortality in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones","volume":"164","author":"Asscheman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-2785","article-title":"Cross-sex hormones and acute cardiovascular events in transgender persons: a cohort study","volume":"169","author":"Getahun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0493","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cancer during cross-sex hormone therapy in a large cohort of trans persons: a case-control study","volume":"169","author":"Wierckx","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.2601068.x","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in transsexual subjects treated with cross-sex hormones","volume":"47","author":"van Kesteren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1903650","article-title":"Care of transgender persons","volume":"381","author":"Safer","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1748","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9056(18)32062-1","article-title":"Satisfaction, quality of life and psychosocial resources of male to female transgender after gender reassignment surgery","volume":"17","author":"Hess","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Urol Supp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib10","series-title":"The Report of the 2015","author":"James","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib11","first-page":"119","article-title":"Effects of different steps in gender reassignment therapy on psychopathology: a prospective study of persons with a gender identity disorder","volume":"11","author":"Heylens","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2016.11.015","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism incidence, recurrence, and mortality based on Women\u2019s Health Initiative data and Medicare claims","volume":"150","author":"Burwen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0b013e31829752e0","article-title":"Age at menopause, reproductive history, and venous thromboembolism risk among postmenopausal women: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Hormone Therapy clinical trials","volume":"21","author":"Canonico","year":"2014","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.7.772","article-title":"Venous thrombosis and conjugated equine estrogen in women without a uterus","volume":"166","author":"Curb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.7.605","article-title":"Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen\/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group","volume":"280","author":"Hulley","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.1.49","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen\/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II)","volume":"288","author":"Grady","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.642280","article-title":"Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens: the ESTHER study","volume":"115","author":"Canonico","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/5.6.672","article-title":"Biological coagulation findings in third-generation oral contraceptives","volume":"5","author":"Conard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000087141.05044.1F","article-title":"Differential effects of oral and transdermal estrogen\/progesterone regimens on sensitivity to activated protein C among postmenopausal women: a randomized trial","volume":"23","author":"Oger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01335.x","article-title":"Decreased plasma sensitivity to activated protein C by oral contraceptives is associated with decreases in plasma glucosylceramide","volume":"3","author":"Deguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy039","article-title":"The route of administration, timing, duration and dose of postmenopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in women: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Oliver-Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060020091034","article-title":"Oral contraception and venous thrombosis","volume":"185","author":"Tyler","year":"1963","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib23","series-title":"FDA Drug Safety Communication: Updated information about the risk of blood\u00a0clots in women taking birth control pills containing drospirenone","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318277c93b","article-title":"ACOG Committee Opinion Number 540: Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive pills","volume":"120","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8935","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90286-0","article-title":"Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral-contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation","volume":"344","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.134882","article-title":"Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism on progestin-only contraception: a cohort study","volume":"101","author":"Le Moigne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318774847","article-title":"Association between progestin-only contraceptive use and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Glisic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70289-8","article-title":"Third-generation oral contraceptive and deep venous thrombosis: from epidemiologic controversy to new insight in coagulation","volume":"177","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.12.019","article-title":"The safety of a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation","volume":"75","author":"Dinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2890","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2890","article-title":"Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study","volume":"339","author":"Lidegaard","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.05.185","article-title":"Aldosterone modifies hemostasis via upregulation of the protein-C receptor in human vascular endothelium","volume":"373","author":"Ducros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.09.015","article-title":"Recent combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) and the risk of thromboembolism and other cardiovascular events in new users","volume":"87","author":"Sidney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31820095a2","article-title":"Effectiveness of oral contraceptive pills in a large US cohort comparing progestogen and regimen","volume":"117","author":"Dinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31820ce2db","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism during the postpartum period: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13796","article-title":"Migraine and ischemic stroke in women. A narrative review","volume":"60","author":"Tietjen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540320044033","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women","volume":"277","author":"Goldhaber","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180701300194","article-title":"Combined hormonal contraception and venous thromboembolism","volume":"12","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib38","first-page":"2641","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of cross-sex hormone treatment in transsexual persons","volume":"9","author":"Wierckx","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.01.009","article-title":"Effects of high dose oestrogen therapy on circulating inflammatory markers","volume":"62","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4422","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2030","article-title":"Predictive markers for mammoplasty and a comparison of side effect profiles in transwomen taking various hormonal regimens","volume":"97","author":"Seal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.017","article-title":"Incidence of thrombophilia and venous thrombosis in transsexuals under cross-sex hormone therapy","volume":"93","author":"Ott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01400.x","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease: increased risks of venous thromboembolism and stroke, and no protection from coronary heart disease","volume":"256","author":"Lowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00156-6","article-title":"Differential effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women","volume":"41","author":"Vongpatanasin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2018.288316","article-title":"Venous thrombotic risk in transgender women undergoing estrogen therapy: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"65","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib45","first-page":"1773","article-title":"Incidence of venous thromboembolism in transgender women receiving oral estradiol","volume":"13","author":"Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.5549","article-title":"What surgeons need to know about gender confirmation surgery when providing care for transgender individuals: a review","volume":"152","author":"Berli","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1586","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa966","article-title":"No venous thromboembolism increase\u00a0among transgender female patients remaining on estrogen for gender-affirming surgery","volume":"106","author":"Kozato","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X21001178?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X21001178?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:10:28Z","timestamp":1761516628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1530891X21001178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530891X21001178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Minimizing Venous Thromboembolism in Feminizing Hormone Therapy: Applying Lessons From Cisgender Women and Previous Data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}