{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T17:36:41Z","timestamp":1761932201315,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacejournalendocrinepractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T11:17:21Z","timestamp":1751455041000},"page":"1501-1508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Scoping Review of Self-Medication in Exogenous Cushing Syndrome: The Role of Social Determinants of Health in the Case Report Literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Meghana","family":"Koleti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claramence","family":"Dokyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1052-6658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Maria","family":"Belalcazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00108","article-title":"Self-medication practices among a sample of latino migrant workers in South Florida","volume":"2","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy11060183","article-title":"Patterns of drug utilization and self-medication practices: a cross sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Al-Omrani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1041695","article-title":"Prevalence of self-medication during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Kazemioula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"year":"2000","series-title":"Guidelines for the regulatory assessment of medicinal products for use in self-medication","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib4"},{"journal-title":"Food Drug Adm","article-title":"Public Notification: Artri King contains hidden drug ingredients","year":"2022","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S278659","article-title":"Socioeconomic determinants of health contributing to the consumption of nonprescribed medicines in Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Teketel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2016.1265632","article-title":"The determinants of self-medication: evidence from urban Vietnam","volume":"56","author":"Hoai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Social Work Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1176730","article-title":"Prevalence and impacts of self-medication in a disadvantaged setting: the importance of multi-dimensional health interventions","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010068","article-title":"Self-medication practice and associated factors among residents in Wuhan, China","volume":"15","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2109-3","article-title":"Household antimicrobial self-medication: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the burden, risk factors and outcomes in developing countries","volume":"15","author":"Ocan","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03783-y","article-title":"Public knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards herbal medicines; a cross-sectional study in Western Saudi Arabia","volume":"22","author":"Zaidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.116496.2","article-title":"The effects of beliefs, knowledge, and attitude on herbal medicine use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Indonesia","volume":"11","author":"Kristianto","year":"2022","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.04.003","article-title":"Case reports and case series from Lancet had significant impact on medical literature","volume":"58","author":"Albrecht","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"year":"2016","series-title":"A framework for educating health professionals to address the social determinants of health","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib14"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib16","article-title":"Artri king-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disruption: a report of 3 cases","volume":"2","author":"Berg","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCEM Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib17","article-title":"A case of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and subsequent adrenal insufficiency from a hidden ingredient in the supplement Artri Ajo King","volume":"4","author":"Boncompagni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib18","article-title":"A case of iatrogenic Cushing\u2019s syndrome following use of an over-the-counter arthritis supplement","volume":"2023","author":"Dunn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib19","article-title":"A patient with a bronchial carcinoid presents with Cushingoid symptoms due to an atypical and potentially dangerous supplement","volume":"30","author":"Morales","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol Case Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib20","article-title":"Exogenous Cushing syndrome and hip fracture due to over-the-counter supplement (Artri king)","volume":"15","author":"Saad-Omer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.61797\/ijetit.v3i1.194","article-title":"Iatrogenic Cushing\u2019s syndrome caused by adulteration of a health product with dexamethasone","volume":"3","author":"Mikhail","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Endovascular Treat Innovative Tech"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib22","first-page":"239","article-title":"Exogenous cushing syndrome caused by a \u201cherbal\u201d supplement","volume":"8","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"AACE Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.3.294","article-title":"Cushing syndrome due to surreptitious glucocorticoid administration","volume":"158","author":"Quddusi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16070","article-title":"Cushingoid features and adrenal insufficiency from herbal supplement consumption: alerts released from the Therapeutic Goods Administration and Medsafe","volume":"53","author":"Kaur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52095","article-title":"The not-so-natural herb: a case of exogenous Cushing syndrome","volume":"219","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib26","first-page":"21","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency: an uncommon cause of hypercalcaemia","volume":"2022","author":"De Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.12809\/ajgg-2021-497-cr","article-title":"Delayed diagnosis of parkinsonism hyperpyrexia syndrome resulting in death: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Kwok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib28","article-title":"Steroid as double edged sword; a catastrophic event in the rural part of Nepal","volume":"82","author":"Neupane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib29","first-page":"59","article-title":"Avascular necrosis of femur neck in young adult secondary to indigenous medicines \u2014 an eye opener for clinicians","volume":"119","author":"Panwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_432_20","article-title":"Iatrogenic Cushing\u2019s syndrome in patients with superficial dermatophytosis","volume":"12","author":"Thakran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib31","first-page":"70","article-title":"Iatrogenic Cushing\u2019s syndrome presented with bilateral lower limb oedema: a case report","volume":"42","author":"Siu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hong Kong Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.18.0181","article-title":"A case report of steroid withdrawal syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Wahab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib33","first-page":"e54","article-title":"A curious case of \u201cdouble Cushing syndrome\u201d","volume":"5","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"AACE Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.25179\/tjem.2017-56498","article-title":"Overlapping between thymus neuroendocrine carcinoma as an ectopic cushing syndrome and exogenous Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a case report","volume":"23","author":"Faraji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turkish J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency from steroid-containing complementary therapy: importance of detailed history","volume":"2019","author":"Kempegowda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib36","article-title":"Co-occurrence of exogenous and endogenous Cushing\u2019s syndromes-dilemma in diagnosis","volume":"2019","author":"Tong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib37","article-title":"Iatrogenic Cushing\u2019s syndrome caused by treatment with traditional herbal medicine, a case report","volume":"10","author":"Hendarto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2016.1.20150534","article-title":"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient with Cushing\u2019s syndrome due to topical steroid","volume":"21","author":"Al-Khalaf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.174094","article-title":"Iatrogenic Cushing\u2019s syndrome after topical steroid therapy for psoriasis","volume":"61","author":"Sah\u0131p","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib40","article-title":"Unexpected rapid weight gain in a patient with HIV and anorexia","volume":"351","author":"Mohabeer Hart","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.152529","article-title":"Psoriatic erythroderma and hypothalamus-pituitary axis suppression due to misuse of systemic steroid: two challenging cases","volume":"60","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2014.15.5.637","article-title":"Massive thoracoabdominal aortic thrombosis in a patient with iatrogenic Cushing syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-009735","article-title":"\u2018Golden Kernels within the skin': disseminated cutaneous gout","volume":"2013","author":"Lo","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2174\/18723128112069990012","article-title":"Cushing syndrome and giant sterile abscess induced by self intramuscular injection of supra-therapeutic doses of triamcinolone","volume":"7","author":"Salvatore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Metab Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib45","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency secondary to inappropriate oral administration of topical exogenous steroids presenting with hypercalcaemia","volume":"2012","author":"Bhatti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2012.120139","article-title":"Glucocorticoid misuse in a rural and semi-urban community of North Bihar: a pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Nalli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib47","first-page":"31","article-title":"Steroid dependent ulcerated erythema nodosum leprosum 16 years after successful treatment of leprosy","volume":"10","author":"Nur","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib48","first-page":"94","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome secondary to adulterated complementary and alternative medicine","volume":"4","author":"Sazlina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malays Fam Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib49","first-page":"150","article-title":"A woman with Cushing's syndrome after use of an Indonesian herb: a case report","volume":"65","author":"Oldenburg-Ligtenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"issue":"9312","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08157-6","article-title":"Over-the-counter medication and its effects","volume":"359","author":"Hui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02867980","article-title":"Rare case of iatrogenic pan hypopituitarism","volume":"17","author":"Susarla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"17-18","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E474","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160177","article-title":"Taking action on the social determinants of health in clinical practice: a framework for health professionals","volume":"188","author":"Andermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.553","article-title":"Misuse of corticosteroids in some of the drugs dispensed as preparations from alternative systems of medicine in India","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13420","article-title":"Adulteration of proprietary Chinese medicines and health products with undeclared drugs: experience of a tertiary toxicology laboratory in Hong Kong","volume":"84","author":"Ching","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib55","first-page":"359","article-title":"The influence of ethnicity on use of herbal remedies in elderly Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites","volume":"40","author":"Dole","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/2374373517706612","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of herbal medicine use among adults in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Rashrash","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Patient Exp"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib57","first-page":"535","article-title":"Use of complementary and alternative medical therapies among racial and ethnic minority adults: results from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"97","author":"Graham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib58","first-page":"599","article-title":"S\u00edndrome de Cushing iatr\u00f3geno por suplementos herbolarios falaces. El caso de Ortiga Ajo Rey y Artri King","volume":"37","author":"Del Carpio-Orantes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina Interna de M\u00e9xico"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-10656-2","article-title":"Do healthcare providers consider the social determinants of health? Results from a nationwide cross-sectional study in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Glenn","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2016531","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.16531","article-title":"Responsibility of medical journals in addressing racism in health care","volume":"3","author":"Ogedegbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X25009395?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X25009395?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T17:16:50Z","timestamp":1761931010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1530891X25009395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530891X25009395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-891X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-891X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Scoping Review of Self-Medication in Exogenous Cushing Syndrome: The Role of Social Determinants of Health in the Case Report Literature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}