{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:29:25Z","timestamp":1791404965669,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacejournalendocrinepractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T19:23:34Z","timestamp":1752607414000},"page":"1197-1206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Growth Hormone and Bone: Preclinical and Clinical Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8169-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin C.J.","family":"Yuen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.1.1.39","article-title":"Growth hormone, skeletal growth factors and osteoporosis","volume":"1","author":"Canalis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib2","first-page":"717","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human","volume":"19","author":"Giustina","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib3","first-page":"1899","article-title":"Growth hormone rapidly activates insulin-like growth factor I gene transcription in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Bichell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.47.030185.002303","article-title":"Actions of insulin-like growth factors","volume":"47","author":"Froesch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7088","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.7088","article-title":"Liver-derived insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is the principal source of IGF-I in blood but is not required for postnatal body growth in mice","volume":"96","author":"Sjogren","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.123","article-title":"The growth hormone receptor: mechanism of activation and clinical implications","volume":"6","author":"Brooks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51261","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M309486200","article-title":"Mechanisms of growth hormone (GH) action. Identification of conserved Stat5 binding sites that mediate GH-induced insulin-like growth factor-I gene activation","volume":"278","author":"Woelfle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-012-0100-9","article-title":"Role of insulin-like growth factor-1 in the regulation of skeletal growth","volume":"10","author":"Mohan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-3-1459","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) receptors in clonal osteoblast-like cells mediate a mitogenic response to GH","volume":"128","author":"Barnard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00298723","article-title":"Growth hormone stimulates proliferation and differentiation of normal human osteoblast-like cells in vitro","volume":"52","author":"Kassem","year":"1993","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"Suppl B","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(00)80020-9","article-title":"In vitro studies of insulin-like growth factor I and bone","volume":"10","author":"Conover","year":"2000","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-98-5-1289","article-title":"The effect of growth hormone on parathyroid function in rats","volume":"98","author":"Lancer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070715","article-title":"PTH circadian rhythm and PTH target-organ sensitivity is altered in patients with adult growth hormone deficiency with low BMD","volume":"22","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4248\/BR201303003","article-title":"Autocrine and paracrine actions of IGF-I signaling in skeletal development","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.11.8895324","article-title":"Direct stimulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor-I on monocyte and macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha production","volume":"137","author":"Renier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1320433","article-title":"Osteoclast formation together with interleukin-6 production in mouse long bones is increased by insulin-like growth factor-I","volume":"132","author":"Slootweg","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib17","first-page":"4329","article-title":"Growth hormone increases interleukin-6 produced by human osteoblast-like cells","volume":"81","author":"Swolin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00034-0","article-title":"Growth hormone enhances proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes in whole blood","volume":"13","author":"Uronen-Hansson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib19","first-page":"213","article-title":"TNF-Alpha and IL-6: the link between immune and bone system","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0036","article-title":"Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and the skeleton","volume":"29","author":"Giustina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R45","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0184","article-title":"Management of endocrine disease: bone disorders associated with acromegaly: mechanisms and treatment","volume":"181","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7079756","article-title":"Growth hormone stimulates longitudinal bone growth directly","volume":"216","author":"Isaksson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9826","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.20.9826","article-title":"Growth hormone induces multiplication of the slowly cycling germinal cells of the rat tibial growth plate","volume":"89","author":"Ohlsson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1983","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-independent effects of growth hormone on growth plate chondrogenesis and longitudinal bone growth","volume":"156","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25006","article-title":"Increased linear bone growth by GH in the absence of SOCS2 is independent of IGF-1","volume":"230","author":"Dobie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42470","article-title":"Promotion of joint degeneration and chondrocyte metabolic dysfunction by excessive growth hormone in mice","volume":"75","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4895","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01230-z","article-title":"Growth hormone-receptor disruption in mice reduces osteoarthritis and chondrocyte hypertrophy","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10753","article-title":"Bone homeostasis in growth hormone receptor-null mice is restored by IGF-I but independent of Stat5","volume":"106","author":"Sims","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090226","article-title":"Serum IGF-1 determines skeletal strength by regulating subperiosteal expansion and trait interactions","volume":"24","author":"Yakar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215463","article-title":"Circulating levels of IGF-1 directly regulate bone growth and density","volume":"110","author":"Yakar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44005","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208265200","article-title":"Osteoblast-specific knockout of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor gene reveals an essential role of IGF signaling in bone matrix mineralization","volume":"277","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.7.7585","article-title":"Targeted overexpression of insulin-like growth factor I to osteoblasts of transgenic mice: increased trabecular bone volume without increased osteoblast proliferation","volume":"141","author":"Zhao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2015","article-title":"Estrogens and androgens in skeletal physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"97","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1330291","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I on DNA synthesis and matrix production in rat epiphyseal chondrocytes in monolayer culture","volume":"133","author":"Ohlsson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1264","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-I and fibroblast growth factor, but not growth hormone, affect growth plate chondrocyte proliferation","volume":"148","author":"Hutchison","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.07073","article-title":"Growth hormone stimulates osteoprotegerin expression and secretion in human osteoblast-like cells","volume":"192","author":"Mrak","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060610","article-title":"Role of IGF-I signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.091015","article-title":"Growth hormone regulates the balance between bone formation and bone marrow adiposity","volume":"25","author":"Menagh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220428","article-title":"Bone marrow adipocytes: a neglected target tissue for growth hormone","volume":"143","author":"Gevers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4248\/BR201301006","article-title":"Osteoblast-restricted disruption of the growth hormone receptor in mice results in sexually dimorphic skeletal phenotypes","volume":"1","author":"Singhal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.03.016","article-title":"17beta-Estradiol positively modulates growth hormone signaling through the reduction of SOCS2 negative feedback in human osteoblasts","volume":"55","author":"Bolamperti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-15-0012","article-title":"GH action influences adipogenesis of mouse adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"226","author":"Olarescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.12.8.0154","article-title":"Characterization of the inhibitory effect of growth hormone on primary preadipocyte differentiation","volume":"12","author":"Hansen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib44","first-page":"1919","article-title":"Bone loss is correlated to the severity of growth hormone deficiency in adult patients with hypopituitarism","volume":"84","author":"Colao","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1370240","article-title":"Increased fracture frequency in adult patients with hypopituitarism and GH deficiency","volume":"137","author":"Rosen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2662","article-title":"Unreplaced sex steroid deficiency, corticotropin deficiency, and lower IGF-I are associated with lower bone mineral density in adults with growth hormone deficiency: a KIMS database analysis","volume":"96","author":"Tritos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.2.398","article-title":"The influence of growth hormone deficiency, growth hormone replacement therapy, and other aspects of hypopituitarism on fracture rate and bone mineral density","volume":"16","author":"Wuster","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03786-4","article-title":"Bone mineral density in adults growth hormone deficiency with different ages of onset: a real-world retrospective study","volume":"85","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4993","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0054","article-title":"Bone status and fracture prevalence in Russian adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency","volume":"89","author":"Bouillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib50","first-page":"327","article-title":"Acquisition of bone mass in normal individuals and in patients with growth hormone deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Baroncelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2000-s604","article-title":"Growth and hormone deficiency and peak bone mass","volume":"13","author":"Bouillon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl B","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(98)80026-9","article-title":"Influence of gender and gonadal steroids on responsiveness to growth hormone replacement therapy in adults with growth hormone deficiency","volume":"8","author":"Johannsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib53","first-page":"2865","article-title":"Two years of growth hormone (GH) treatment increases bone mineral content and density in hypopituitary patients with adult-onset GH deficiency","volume":"81","author":"Johannsson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.6.3982","article-title":"The effect of growth hormone (GH) on histomorphometric indices of bone structure and bone turnover in GH-deficient men","volume":"82","author":"Bravenboer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00649-8","article-title":"Skeletal disorders associated with the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis","volume":"18","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3921","article-title":"Effects of recombinant human growth hormone therapy on bone mineral density in adults with growth hormone deficiency: a meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Barake","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12493","article-title":"Effects of up to 15 years of recombinant human GH (rhGH) replacement on bone metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD): the Leiden Cohort Study","volume":"81","author":"Appelman-Dijkstra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-1072","article-title":"Fifteen years of GH replacement increases bone mineral density in hypopituitary patients with adult-onset GH deficiency","volume":"166","author":"Elbornsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvad051","article-title":"Managing estrogen therapy in the pituitary patient","volume":"7","author":"Shoung","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12132","article-title":"Predictors of the effects of 4 years of growth hormone replacement on bone mineral density in patients with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency - a KIMS database analysis","volume":"79","author":"Tritos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0468","article-title":"Bone microarchitecture and estimated bone strength in men with active acromegaly","volume":"177","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0711","article-title":"Bone microarchitecture and volumetric bone density impairment in young male adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency","volume":"180","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040657","article-title":"3D DXA hip differences in patients with acromegaly or adult growth hormone deficiency","volume":"10","author":"Gracia-Marco","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070811","article-title":"Fracture incidence in GH-deficient patients on complete hormone replacement including GH","volume":"22","author":"Holmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060112","article-title":"Increased prevalence of radiological spinal deformities in adult patients with GH deficiency: influence of GH replacement therapy","volume":"21","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0738-z","article-title":"Incidence of morphometric vertebral fractures in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency","volume":"52","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0125","article-title":"Glucocorticoid replacement therapy and vertebral fractures in hypopituitary adult males with GH deficiency","volume":"163","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0097","article-title":"Association between l-thyroxine treatment, GH deficiency, and radiological vertebral fractures in patients with adult-onset hypopituitarism","volume":"170","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-007-0069-z","article-title":"Effect of gonadal status on bone mineral density and radiological spinal deformities in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency","volume":"11","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00005","article-title":"Pituitary diseases and bone","volume":"39","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000347121","article-title":"Towards optimal treatment with growth hormone in short children and adolescents: evidence and theses","volume":"79","author":"Ranke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00816.2012","article-title":"Local administration of growth hormone stimulates tendon collagen synthesis in elderly men","volume":"113","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.2.4594","article-title":"Growth hormone deficiency in adulthood and the effects of growth hormone replacement: a review. Growth Hormone Research Society Scientific Committee","volume":"83","author":"Carroll","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3946","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0208","article-title":"Limited efficacy of growth hormone (GH) during transition of GH-deficient patients from adolescence to adulthood: a phase III multicenter, double-blind, randomized two-year trial","volume":"90","author":"Mauras","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1440-0","article-title":"Effects of growth hormone therapy on bone density and fracture risk in age-related osteoporosis in the absence of growth hormone deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Barake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1159\/000452150","article-title":"Guidelines for growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I treatment in children and adolescents: growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and primary insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency","volume":"86","author":"Grimberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0179","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Molitch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib78","article-title":"Bisphosphonates or RANK-ligand-inhibitors for men with prostate cancer and bone metastases: a network meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Jakob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021787","article-title":"Effects of growth hormone replacement on parathyroid hormone sensitivity and bone mineral metabolism","volume":"88","author":"Ahmad","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.709936","article-title":"Human growth and growth hormone: from antiquity to the recominant age to the future","volume":"12","author":"Graber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2937","article-title":"Bone turnover, bone mineral density, and fracture risk in acromegaly: a meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01256-6","article-title":"Determinants of skeletal fragility in acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ribeiro de Moura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2023.1782","article-title":"Increased risk of hip fracture in patients with acromegaly: a nationwide cohort study in Korea","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06800-z","article-title":"Acromegaly and the long-term fracture risk of the vertebra and hip: a national cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Kwon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0415","article-title":"Progression of vertebral fractures in long-term controlled acromegaly: a 9-year follow-up study","volume":"183","author":"Pelsma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010164","article-title":"Vertebral fractures in acromegaly: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Sorohan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02850-7","article-title":"Low sclerostin levels after long-term remission of acromegaly","volume":"75","author":"Claessen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5650","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030772","article-title":"Pegvisomant-induced serum insulin-like growth factor-I normalization in patients with acromegaly returns elevated markers of bone turnover to normal","volume":"88","author":"Parkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0340","article-title":"Treatment of acromegaly increases BMD but reduces trabecular bone score: a longitudinal study","volume":"175","author":"Godang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ13-0387","article-title":"Rapid decline in bone turnover markers but not bone mineral density in acromegalic patients after transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"61","author":"Tamada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.11.009","article-title":"Effects of growth hormone excess on glycated albumin concentrations: analysis in acromegalic patients","volume":"440","author":"Tamada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2695","article-title":"Progression of vertebral fractures despite long-term biochemical control of acromegaly: a prospective follow-up study","volume":"98","author":"Claessen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-1005","article-title":"High prevalence of vertebral fractures despite normal bone mineral density in patients with long-term controlled acromegaly","volume":"164","author":"Wassenaar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1391-5","article-title":"Prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures in \"difficult\" patients with acromegaly with different biochemical outcomes after multimodal treatment","volume":"59","author":"Chiloiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1460","article-title":"Vertebral fractures in patients with acromegaly: a 3-year prospective study","volume":"98","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.738895","article-title":"The negative impacts of acromegaly on bone microstructure not fully reversible","volume":"12","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvad121","article-title":"Persistent deficits in bone quality in treated acromegaly: evidence from assessments of microstructure","volume":"7","author":"Kuker","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0847-1","article-title":"Bone histomorphometry in acromegaly patients with fragility vertebral fractures","volume":"21","author":"Dalle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2843","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac183","article-title":"High prevalence of vertebral fractures associated with preoperative GH levels in patients with recent diagnosis of acromegaly","volume":"107","author":"Frara","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02148-7","article-title":"Conventional X-rays in the diagnosis and follow-up of vertebral fractures in patients with acromegaly: a real-life study","volume":"47","author":"Sardella","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050603","article-title":"Increased prevalence of radiological spinal deformities in active acromegaly: a cross-sectional study in postmenopausal women","volume":"20","author":"Bonadonna","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1159\/000528199","article-title":"Trabecular bone score as an index of bone fragility in patients with acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"113","author":"Bioletto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02806-x","article-title":"DXA parameters, Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD), in fracture risk prediction in endocrine-mediated secondary osteoporosis","volume":"74","author":"Shevroja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib104","first-page":"e5088","article-title":"Vertebral fractures occur despite control of acromegaly and are predicted by cortical volumetric bone mineral density","volume":"106","author":"Kuzma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1078-3","article-title":"High-resolution-cone beam tomography analysis of bone microarchitecture in patients with acromegaly and radiological vertebral fractures","volume":"54","author":"Maffezzoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab260","article-title":"Impaired bone microarchitecture in premenopausal women with acromegaly: the possible role of Wnt signaling","volume":"106","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2796","article-title":"Microarchitecture and peripheral BMD are impaired in postmenopausal white women with fracture independently of total hip T-score: an international multicenter study","volume":"31","author":"Boutroy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30308-5","article-title":"Cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture as an independent predictor of incident fracture risk in older women and men in the Bone Microarchitecture International Consortium (BoMIC): a prospective study","volume":"7","author":"Samelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad493","article-title":"Cholecalciferol use is associated with a decreased risk of incident morphometric vertebral fractures in acromegaly","volume":"109","author":"Chiloiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgz054","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz054","article-title":"Effects of pegvisomant and pasireotide LAR on vertebral fractures in acromegaly resistant to first-generation SRLs","volume":"105","author":"Chiloiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgaa363","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa363","article-title":"Treatment of acromegalic osteopathy in real-life clinical practice: the BAAC (bone active drugs in acromegaly) study","volume":"105","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0147","article-title":"Progression of acromegalic arthropathy despite long-term biochemical control: a prospective, radiological study","volume":"167","author":"Claessen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvaf047","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disease in acromegaly-a population-based registry study","volume":"192","author":"Rosendal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-1073","article-title":"Acromegalic arthropathy in various stages of the disease: an MRI study","volume":"176","author":"Claessen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01233-z","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic assessment of peripheral joints in controlled acromegaly","volume":"25","author":"Pelsma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05447-5","article-title":"Clinical and functional outcome of total hip arthroplasty in patients with acromegaly: mean twelve year follow-up","volume":"46","author":"Akkaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2023.601","article-title":"Acromegaly and bone: an update","volume":"38","author":"Giustina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0493","article-title":"Effects of recombinant human growth hormone in anorexia nervosa: a randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"95","author":"Fazeli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.06.002","article-title":"Effects of rhIGF-1 administration on surrogate markers of bone turnover in adolescents with anorexia nervosa","volume":"45","author":"Misra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8574","article-title":"Effects of recombinant human IGF-I and oral contraceptive administration on bone density in anorexia nervosa","volume":"87","author":"Grinspoon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.09.002","article-title":"The complex relationship between obesity and the somatropic axis: the long and winding road","volume":"24","author":"Savastano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-1-51","article-title":"Dual defects in pulsatile growth hormone secretion and clearance subserve the hyposomatotropism of obesity in man","volume":"72","author":"Veldhuis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05665-w","article-title":"Obesity is associated with early hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women: a 25-year follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Rikkonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10730","article-title":"Relationships between obesity and incidence of fractures in a middle-aged population: a study from the CARTaGENE cohort","volume":"7","author":"Turcotte","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-1061","article-title":"Impact of GH administration on skeletal endpoints in adults with overweight\/obesity","volume":"186","author":"Dichtel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib126","first-page":"970","article-title":"Withdrawal of long-term physiological growth hormone (GH) administration: differential effects on bone density and body composition in men with adult-onset GH deficiency","volume":"85","author":"Biller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1757","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone treatment on fractures and quality of life in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a 10-year follow-up study","volume":"100","author":"Krantz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.3.393","article-title":"Growth hormone increases bone mineral content in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Landin-Wilhelmsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00005","article-title":"Systematic review: the safety and efficacy of growth hormone in the healthy elderly","volume":"146","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yapd.2022.03.005","article-title":"Clinical indications for growth hormone therapy","volume":"69","author":"Danowitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.4158\/GL-2019-0405","article-title":"American association of clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for management of growth hormone deficiency in adults and patients transitioning from pediatric to adult care","volume":"25","author":"Yuen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X25009632?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X25009632?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:18:36Z","timestamp":1778944716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1530891X25009632"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530891X25009632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Growth Hormone and Bone: Preclinical and Clinical Perspectives","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}