{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:54:57Z","timestamp":1781528097028,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacejournalendocrinepractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:11:39Z","timestamp":1763374299000},"page":"360-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Real-World Evidence for Metformin Use in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Living With Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Idit","family":"Dotan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiri","family":"Kushnir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzippy","family":"Shochat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6211-2073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talia","family":"Diker Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-2650","article-title":"Diabetes medications as monotherapy or metformin-based combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Maruthur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05773-8","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials balancing their risks and benefits","volume":"65","author":"Marilly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812389","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"380","author":"Wiviott","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00171-7","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas on risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: emulation of a randomised target trial using electronic health records","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1515920","article-title":"Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Wanner","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2088","article-title":"Use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and risk of serious renal events: scandinavian cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Pasternak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2023.100236","article-title":"Effects of incretin-based therapeutic agents including tirzepatide on renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Mima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabol Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1616011","article-title":"Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Mann","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30249-9","article-title":"mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials","volume":"7","author":"Kristensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvad080","article-title":"FLOW trial stopped early due to evidence of renal protection with semaglutide","volume":"10","author":"Gragnano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31150-X","article-title":"Dulaglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14020122","article-title":"The current and potential therapeutic use of metformin-the good old drug","volume":"14","author":"Drzewoski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50517-2","article-title":"An observational multi-center study on type 2 diabetes treatment prescribing pattern and patient adherence to treatment","volume":"13","author":"Butt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v4.i2.102","article-title":"Transplant options for patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"4","author":"Fourtounas","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13895","article-title":"Current status of diabetic kidney disease and latest trends in management","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.2165\/11319260-000000000-00000","article-title":"Immunosuppressive drugs in kidney transplantation: impact on patient survival, and incidence of cardiovascular disease, malignancy and infection","volume":"69","author":"Marcen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i5.541","article-title":"Recent advances in new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Montada-Atin","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020470","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease in post-transplant diabetes mellitus: causes, treatment and outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03550.x","article-title":"Should metformin be our antiglycemic agent of choice post-transplantation?","volume":"11","author":"Sharif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03921.x","article-title":"Potential risks of metformin in transplant patients","volume":"12","author":"Larsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.01.446","article-title":"Metformin use and long-term clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"82","author":"Kwon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1159\/000370034","article-title":"Metformin use in kidney transplant recipients in the United States: an observational study","volume":"40","author":"Stephen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13302","article-title":"Metformin use in the first year after kidney transplant, correlates, and associated outcomes in diabetic transplant recipients: a retrospective analysis of integrated registry and pharmacy claims data","volume":"32","author":"Vest","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.23.085","article-title":"Association of metformin with cardiovascular and graft outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with posttransplantation diabetes mellitus","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.14.8.979","article-title":"Effectiveness and long-term safety of thiazolidinediones and metformin in renal transplant recipients","volume":"14","author":"Kurian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.06.009","article-title":"Metformin therapy reduces the risk of malignancy after heart transplantation","volume":"36","author":"Peled","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0925-y","article-title":"Metformin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of vasculopathy and cardiovascular mortality after heart transplantation","volume":"18","author":"Ram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib29","series-title":"The World Transplant Congress","first-page":"750","article-title":"Use of metformin in liver transplant recipient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Abstract# C1967","author":"Choi","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091140","article-title":"Attenuated risk association of end-stage kidney disease with metformin in type 2 diabetes with eGFR categories 1-4","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae477","article-title":"Renal protective effect of metformin in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18010095","article-title":"Role of metformin in preventing new-onset chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14523","article-title":"Association of British Clinical Diabetologists and Renal Association guidelines on the detection and management of diabetes post solid organ transplantation","volume":"38","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad258","article-title":"International consensus on post-transplantation diabetes mellitus","volume":"39","author":"Sharif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016813","article-title":"Protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial of metformin in pre-diabetes after kidney transplantation: the transplantation and diabetes (Transdiab) study","volume":"7","author":"Alnasrallah","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1321-2","article-title":"Transplantation and diabetes (Transdiab): a pilot randomised controlled trial of metformin in impaired glucose tolerance after kidney transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Alnasrallah","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01328.x","article-title":"The effect of metformin on blood pressure, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"256","author":"Wulffel\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02190-y","article-title":"Effects of metformin on blood lipid profiles in nondiabetic adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"67","author":"Weng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001592","article-title":"Metformin-induced proprotein convertase Subtilisin\/Kexin type 9 inhibition further decreases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol following Statin treatment in patients with coronary artery disease and without diabetes","volume":"84","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1159\/000531432","article-title":"Cardiovascular protection by metformin: latest advances in basic and clinical research","volume":"148","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvaf182","article-title":"Endocrine effects of long-term calcineurin inhibitor use in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"193","author":"Diker Cohen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13551","article-title":"Tacrolimus: 20 years of use in adult kidney transplantation. What we should know about its nephrotoxicity","volume":"44","author":"Bentata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38569.471007.AE","article-title":"Tacrolimus versus ciclosporin as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised trial data","volume":"331","author":"Webster","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0499-5","article-title":"Cardiovascular safety of non-insulin pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.886","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of repaglinide in type 2 diabetic patients with and without impaired renal function","volume":"26","author":"Hasslacher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2016.1195368","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of anti-diabetes drugs","volume":"15","author":"Younk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2020.11.002","article-title":"Cardiovascular events and mortality among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients newly prescribed first-line blood glucose-lowering drugs monotherapies: a population-based cohort study in the Catalan electronic medical record database, SIDIAP, 2010-2015","volume":"15","author":"Herrera Comoglio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2019.34.1.80","article-title":"Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Bae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0371-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular efficacy of sitagliptin in patients with diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a 12-month follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Nakamura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00844.x","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein activity and assimilation of tacrolimus in transplant patients with persistent diarrhea","volume":"5","author":"Lemahieu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X25012704?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X25012704?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:15:44Z","timestamp":1781525744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1530891X25012704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530891X25012704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Real-World Evidence for Metformin Use in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Living With Diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.11.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}