{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:05:58Z","timestamp":1790762758344,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacejournalendocrinepractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:03:00Z","timestamp":1778587380000},"page":"1522-1530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["North American Society for Interventional Thyroidology Statement on Directed Ablative Therapy for the Management of Benign Non-functional Thyroid Nodules"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Vaninder Kaur","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Woody","family":"Sistrunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Beninato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumedha","family":"Chablani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph P.","family":"Tufano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5529-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsey K.","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020","article-title":"2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American thyroid Association Guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer","volume":"26","author":"Haugen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2011.12.5.525","article-title":"Thermal ablation for benign thyroid nodules: radiofrequency and laser","volume":"12","author":"Baek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-015-0169-y","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for thyroid nodules: which indications? The first Italian opinion statement","volume":"18","author":"Garberoglio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000508484","article-title":"2020 European Thyroid Association clinical practice guideline for the use of image-guided ablation in benign thyroid nodules","volume":"9","author":"Papini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26960","volume":"44","author":"Orloff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0956","article-title":"The natural history of benign thyroid nodules","volume":"313","author":"Durante","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib11","first-page":"1089","article-title":"The 2023 Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology","volume":"10","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2023.0281","article-title":"General principles for the safe performance, training, and adoption of ablation techniques for benign thyroid nodules: an American Thyroid Association statement","volume":"33","author":"Sinclair","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.4.632","article-title":"2017 thyroid radiofrequency ablation guideline: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24784","article-title":"Impact of thyroid nodule size on prevalence and post-test probability of malignancy: A Systematic Review","volume":"125","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2009.116","article-title":"Accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy for predicting neoplasm or carcinoma in thyroid nodules 4 Cm or larger","volume":"144","author":"Pinchot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21049","article-title":"Predictive index for carcinoma of thyroid nodules and its integration with fine-needle aspiration cytology","volume":"31","author":"Kuru","year":"2009","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2021.36","article-title":"The value of repeating fine-needle aspiration for thyroid nodules","volume":"41","author":"Doubi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-014-0350-9","article-title":"Needle track tumor seeding after radiofrequency ablation of a thyroid tumor","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22112","article-title":"Clinical validation of the ThyroSeq v3 genomic classifier in thyroid nodules with indeterminate FNA cytology","volume":"127","author":"Nikiforov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2024.115929","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of Bethesda category III thyroid nodules with benign molecular testing: preliminary findings from a single institution","volume":"241","author":"Ryu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000001388","article-title":"Early results of radiofrequency ablation for treating molecular negative bethesda III thyroid nodules","volume":"241","author":"Jackson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.24083","article-title":"Thermal ablation for Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules: current diagnosis and management","volume":"43","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378865","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2024.2378865","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation for intrathoracic goiter up to 5 years: evaluated by computed tomography\/magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.02.039","article-title":"How to manage the patients with unsatisfactory results after ethanol ablation for thyroid nodules: role of radiofrequency ablation","volume":"81","author":"Jang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-010-0565-6","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of benign thyroid nodules in patients with incompletely resolved clinical problems after ethanol ablation (EA)","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2024.112425","article-title":"Comparison of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation, laser ablation, and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of elderly patients with benign thyroid nodules: a meta-analysis","volume":"191","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1964","article-title":"Outcomes and risk factors for complications of laser ablation for thyroid nodules. a multicenter study on 1531 patients","volume":"100","author":"Pacella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1177\/10507256251372166","article-title":"First-in-Human clinical feasibility Study of ablation of benign thyroid nodules using nanosecond pulsed field ablation","volume":"35","author":"Spiezia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0133","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation versus observation for nonfunctioning benign thyroid nodules: a randomized controlled international collaborative trial","volume":"25","author":"Sung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2186","article-title":"Prospective study of effectiveness of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation versus control group in patients affected by benign thyroid nodules","volume":"100","author":"Cesareo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2024.115793","article-title":"Trends in thyroid function following radiofrequency ablation of benign, nonfunctioning thyroid nodules: A single institution review","volume":"237","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2024.0082","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules: 10-year experience","volume":"34","author":"Park Sang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.21231","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of the radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: the value of additional treatment","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27213","article-title":"Cost comparison between open thyroid lobectomy and radiofrequency ablation for management of thyroid nodules","volume":"45","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.0696","article-title":"Ethanol ablation of the thyroid nodules: 2018 consensus statement by the Korean Society of thyroid radiology","volume":"20","author":"Hahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/ve.2022.0022","article-title":"Percutaneous ethanol injection of complex cystic thyroid nodules: nodule selection and techniques","volume":"9","author":"Abraham","year":"2022","journal-title":"VideoEndocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib33","series-title":"Thyroid Ablation","article-title":"Percutaneous Ethanol Injection (PEI) and radiofrequency ablation of thyroid cysts and cystic thyroid nodules","author":"Abraham","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2020.833","article-title":"Efficacy of ethanol ablation for benign thyroid cysts and predominantly cystic nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5773","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031000","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent thyroid cysts with ethanol: a randomized double-blind controlled trial","volume":"88","author":"Bennedbaek","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20861","article-title":"Thyroid cysts treated with ethanol ablation can mimic malignancy during sonographic follow-up","volume":"39","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.26060","article-title":"Risk assessment and hydrodissection technique for radiofrequency ablation of thyroid benign nodules","volume":"9","author":"Xiaoyin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0130-3","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules","volume":"33","author":"Baek","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31666","article-title":"The influence of impedance on the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules","author":"Due\u00f1as","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.20112","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: recommendations from the Asian Conference on Tumor Ablation Task Force","volume":"40","author":"Ha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07532-y","article-title":"Determining an energy threshold for optimal volume reduction of benign thyroid nodules treated by radiofrequency ablation","volume":"31","author":"Deandrea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0202","article-title":"Five-year results of radiofrequency and laser ablation of benign thyroid nodules: a multicenter study from the Italian minimally invasive treatments of the thyroid group","volume":"30","author":"Bernardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib43","article-title":"A new perspective for predicting the therapeutic success of RFA in solid BTNs: quantitative initial RFA ratio by contrast-enhanced ultrasound","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1089\/ve.2024.0002","article-title":"Early recognition and prevention of voice change during thyroid radiofrequency ablation: continuous auditory voice assessment","volume":"11","author":"Sinclair","year":"2024","journal-title":"VideoEndocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.638880","article-title":"Predictor analysis in radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: a single Center experience","volume":"12","author":"Bisceglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2023.0501","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of thermal ablation Re-Treatment of benign thyroid nodules: a multicenter Study from the Italian minimally invasive Treatments of the Thyroid Group","volume":"34","author":"Bernardi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.06.078","article-title":"Early second radiofrequency ablation treatment gave rise to significantly greater nodule shrinkage at 12 months than single-session treatment for large-volume benign thyroid nodules","volume":"177","author":"Fung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2021.1950849","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction following radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules: more likely to occur within one-week and in high-risk population","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2024.115793","article-title":"Trends in thyroid function following radiofrequency ablation of benign, nonfunctioning thyroid nodules: a single institution review","volume":"237","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1360240","article-title":"Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy in the treatment of thyroid and parathyroid diseases","volume":"136","author":"Bennedbaek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2406-5","article-title":"Cystic versus predominantly cystic thyroid nodules: efficacy of ethanol ablation and analysis of related factors","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.02.039","article-title":"How to manage the patients with unsatisfactory results after ethanol ablation for thyroid nodules: role of radiofrequency ablation","volume":"81","author":"Jang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502760339398","article-title":"Percutaneous ethanol injection efficacy in the treatment of large symptomatic thyroid cystic nodules: ten-year follow-up of a large series","volume":"12","author":"Del Prete","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1089\/105072504322880364","article-title":"Percutaneous ethanol injection treatment in benign thyroid lesions: role and efficacy","volume":"14","author":"Guglielmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.07.046","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: a prospective, multi-institutional North American experience","volume":"175","author":"Russell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/1553350620913134","article-title":"Radiofrequency thermal ablation of benign thyroid nodules: the correlation between ultrasound Nodule characteristics and results","volume":"27","author":"Feroci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Innov"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2023.104025","article-title":"Five-year follow-up results of thermal ablation for benign thyroid nodules: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09481-8","article-title":"Analysis and prediction of regrowth in benign thyroid nodules undergoing radiofrequency ablation: a retrospective study with a 5-year follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-16208","article-title":"Factors associated with initial incomplete ablation for benign thyroid nodules after radiofrequency ablation: first results of CEUS evaluation","volume":"65","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.06.078","article-title":"Early second radiofrequency ablation treatment gave rise to significantly greater nodule shrinkage at 12 months than single-session treatment for large-volume benign thyroid nodules","volume":"177","author":"Fung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5338-5","article-title":"Patient satisfaction of radiofrequency ablation for symptomatic benign solid thyroid nodules: our experience for 2-year follow up","volume":"19","author":"Guang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.06.063","article-title":"Improvement in thyroid-specific quality of life following radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: a USA study","volume":"177","author":"Collins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.4158\/EP15676.OR","article-title":"Health-Related quality of life after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of cold, solid, benign thyroid nodules: a 2-Year Follow-Up Study in 40 patients","volume":"21","author":"Valcalvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37838","article-title":"Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation versus open surgery for benign thyroid nodules: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Yue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2022.2112305","article-title":"Residual, regrowth, and new growth of radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules of different volumes: two-year follow-up results","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib67","first-page":"905","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: depicting early signs of regrowth by calculating vital volume","volume":"33","author":"Sim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"Issue Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib68","article-title":"7744 diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer after radiofrequency ablation","volume":"8","author":"Barton","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2023.0386","article-title":"Delayed cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules initially treated as benign with radiofrequency ablation: ultrasound characteristics and predictors for cancer","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.09.025","article-title":"From ablation to operation: unraveling the surgical outcomes and complications of thyroidectomy after radiofrequency ablation","volume":"175","author":"Hussein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2024.0281","article-title":"Surgical and pathological challenges in thyroidectomy after thermal ablation of thyroid nodules","volume":"34","author":"Kuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110416","article-title":"Complications encountered in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules with us-guided radiofrequency ablation: a multicenter study","volume":"262","author":"Baek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7890","article-title":"Ultrasound-Guided radiofrequency ablation versus thyroidectomy for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules in elderly patients: a propensity-matched cohort Study","volume":"44","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.206347","article-title":"Complications following radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.776919","article-title":"The importance of nodule size in the management of ruptured thyroid nodule after radiofrequency ablation: a retrospective study and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib77","first-page":"323S","article-title":"Massive hemorrhage and mortality following thyroid radiofrequency ablation","volume":"104","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-020-02632-0","article-title":"Tracheal necrosis following radiofrequency ablation of a benign thyroid nodule","volume":"44","author":"van Baardewijk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.6.1196","article-title":"RE: 2017 Thyroid radiofrequency ablation guideline: the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1017","article-title":"Thyroid radiofrequency ablation-thermal effects on recurrent laryngeal nerve using continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring animal model","volume":"172","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2024.1400","article-title":"Thyroid nodule rupture following radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules","volume":"150","author":"Austerlitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1355383","article-title":"Thyroid nodule rupture after radiofrequency ablation: case report and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Ferraro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.06.006","article-title":"Consensus thyroid Nodule Radiofrequency Ablation Reporting Guidelines established using a Delphi approach","volume":"31","author":"Carlisle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X26009699?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X26009699?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:44:26Z","timestamp":1790761466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1530891X26009699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530891X26009699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"North American Society for Interventional Thyroidology Statement on Directed Ablative Therapy for the Management of Benign Non-functional Thyroid Nodules","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.05.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}