{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T10:30:18Z","timestamp":1793961018789,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022720","name":"Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005407","name":"Hong Kong Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20211971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20211971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacejournalendocrinepractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:48:37Z","timestamp":1783147717000},"page":"1714-1724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insights from Secular Trend of Major Osteoporotic Fractures in People with and without Diabetes: 15-Year Population-based Study (2009\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9813-1126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David T.W.","family":"Lui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xincheng","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing-Sun","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol H.Y.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe Y.Y.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ka-Shing","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew Y.Y.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Y.T.","family":"Au Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tin-Wai","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suet-Ming","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Chi","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Kin","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos K.H.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai-Pang","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn C.B.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Cho","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen S.L.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manju","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.153","article-title":"Mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-induced bone fragility","volume":"13","author":"Napoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02078-5","article-title":"Bone fragility in diabetes and its management: a narrative review","volume":"84","author":"Leungsuwan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib3","first-page":"S52","article-title":"Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: standards of care in diabetes-2024","volume":"47","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1155","article-title":"The doubled burden of diabetic bone disease: hip fracture and post-hip fracture mortality","volume":"184","author":"Behanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm106","article-title":"Systematic review of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of fracture","volume":"166","author":"Janghorbani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3279-7","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and risk of hip fractures: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4650-2","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of bone fragility in diabetes: an emerging challenge","volume":"29","author":"Ferrari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib8","article-title":"Glucose-lowering drug use, glycemic outcomes, and severe hypoglycemia: 18-year trends in 0.9 million adults with diabetes in Hong Kong (2002-2019)","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-024-00836-y","article-title":"Applications of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond glycaemic control","volume":"20","author":"O'Hara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-022-01247-3","article-title":"A population-based study of SGLT2 inhibitor-associated postoperative diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Lui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06172-x","article-title":"Bone metabolism in diabetes: a clinician's guide to understanding the bone-glucose interplay","volume":"67","author":"Sheu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0003","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 medicines for type 2 diabetes and obesity","volume":"47","author":"Drucker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4674","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16541","article-title":"The effects of anti-obesity medications on bone metabolism: a critical appraisal","volume":"27","author":"Anastasilakis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4821","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hip fractures: secular trends in incidence rate, post-fracture treatment, and all-cause mortality","volume":"38","author":"Sing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13368","article-title":"A territory-wide study on the impact of COVID-19 on diabetes-related acute care","volume":"11","author":"Lui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03810-4","article-title":"The association of HDL-cholesterol levels with incident major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in 0.6 million individuals with type 2 diabetes: a population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Lui","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0664","article-title":"Evaluation of fracture risk among patients with type 2 diabetes and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation receiving different oral anticoagulants","volume":"45","author":"Lui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05395-z","article-title":"HbA1c variability, in addition to mean HbA1c, predicts incident hip fractures in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Lui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110576","article-title":"Fracture risks associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes patients across eGFR and albuminuria categories: a population-based study in Hong Kong","volume":"197","author":"Lui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101510","article-title":"Kidney outcomes associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a real-world population-based analysis","volume":"50","author":"Lui","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib21","first-page":"6","article-title":"Excess mortality for operated geriatric hip fracture in Hong Kong","volume":"22","author":"Man","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3671","article-title":"Association between treatment with apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin and risk for osteoporotic fractures among patients with atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort study","volume":"173","author":"Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.009","article-title":"Osteoporosis: review of etiology, mechanisms, and approach to management in the aging population","volume":"52","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2822-2","article-title":"Does diabetes modify the effect of FRAX risk factors for predicting major osteoporotic and hip fracture?","volume":"25","author":"Leslie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00347-8","article-title":"Bone fragility in diabetes: novel concepts and clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Hofbauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2462","article-title":"Glycated hemoglobin level and risk of hip fracture in older people with type 2 diabetes: a competing risk analysis of Taiwan diabetes cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4021-4","article-title":"Severe hypoglycemia and hip fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Hung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib29","first-page":"S158","article-title":"Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of care in diabetes-2024","volume":"47","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164118825376","article-title":"Pioglitazone: the forgotten, cost-effective cardioprotective drug for type 2 diabetes","volume":"16","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3167","article-title":"Effects of canagliflozin on fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"101","author":"Watts","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.715","article-title":"Association of BMD and FRAX score with risk of fracture in older adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"305","author":"Schwartz","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003052","article-title":"Secular trends in incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Luk","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X26010475?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X26010475?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T10:09:22Z","timestamp":1793959762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1530891X26010475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530891X26010475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Insights from Secular Trend of Major Osteoporotic Fractures in People with and without Diabetes: 15-Year Population-based Study (2009\u20132023)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}