{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:04:36Z","timestamp":1789621476820,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007277","name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacejournalendocrinepractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T06:09:16Z","timestamp":1786774156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutrition and Chronic Disease Management for the Clinical Endocrinologist: Leveraging the Malnutrition-Based Chronic Disease Model"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0657-588X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey I.","family":"Mechanick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01964-2","article-title":"A weighted patient network-based framework for predicting chronic diseases using graph neural networks","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib2","series-title":"Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor 2025","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"386","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib4","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in the Americas: the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors","volume":"42","author":"Joseph","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib5","series-title":"Lifestyle Medicine","first-page":"9","article-title":"The importance of healthy living and defining lifestyle medicine","author":"Kushner","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1605086","article-title":"Genetic risk, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and coronary disease","volume":"375","author":"Khera","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1093\/phe\/phad017","article-title":"Health as complete well-being: the WHO definition and beyond","volume":"16","author":"Schramme","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab633","article-title":"Changing the conversation from \u2018chronic disease\u2019 to \u2018chronic health\u2019","volume":"43","author":"Cassidy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd10.120239","article-title":"Defining and measuring chronic conditions: imperatives for research, policy, program, and practice","volume":"10","author":"Goodman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17619-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of multimorbidity associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the United States, 1999-2018","volume":"24","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib11","article-title":"Chronic disease incidence explained by stepwise models and co-occurrence among them","volume":"27","author":"Elgarresta","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib12","series-title":"Molecular Nutrition \u2013 The Practical Guide","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.072","article-title":"The adipokine-cardiovascular-lifestyle network: translation to clinical practice","volume":"68","author":"Mechanick","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib14","author":"Telesford"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161688.PS","article-title":"Adiposity-based chronic disease as a new diagnostic term: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology position statement","volume":"23","author":"Mechanick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.4158\/PS-2018-0139","article-title":"Dysglycemia-based chronic disease: an American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists position statement","volume":"24","author":"Mechanick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib17","article-title":"The hypertension-based chronic disease model in a primary care setting","volume":"18","author":"Correia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib18","series-title":"Lifestyle Medicine \u2013 Closing Research, Knowledge, and Practice Gaps","first-page":"75","article-title":"The novel lipid-based chronic disease in lifestyle medicine \u2013 impact on prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","author":"Malick","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.044","article-title":"Cardiometabolic-based chronic disease \u2013 adiposity and dysglycemia drivers","volume":"75","author":"Mechanick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.046","article-title":"Cardiometabolic-based chronic disease \u2013 addressing knowledge and clinical practice gaps in the preventive care plan","volume":"75","author":"Mechanick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib21","series-title":"Lifestyle Medicine \u2013 Closing Research, Knowledge, and Practice Gaps","first-page":"133","article-title":"Malnutrition-based chronic disease: a new framework for preventive care","author":"Mechanick","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib22","article-title":"Critical illness-based chronic disease: a new framework for intensive metabolic support","volume":"31","author":"Mechanick","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000497124","article-title":"The ABCD of obesity: an EASO position statement on a diagnostic term with clinical and scientific implications","volume":"12","author":"Fruhbeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041229","article-title":"Evaluation of measured resting metabolic rate for dietary prescription in ageing adults with overweight and adiposity-based chronic disease","volume":"13","author":"Cooney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13092906","article-title":"Early appearance of epicardial adipose tissue through human development","volume":"13","author":"Perez-Miguelsanz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22727","article-title":"Proposal for a scientifically correct and medically actionable disease classification system (ICD) for obesity","volume":"28","author":"Garvey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12771\/emj.2025.00836","article-title":"Lifestyle prescriptions for obesity treatment in primary care: a narrative review","volume":"48","author":"Jung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ewha Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.496","article-title":"Prevalence of adiposity-based chronic disease in middle-aged adults from Czech Republic: the Kardiovize study","volume":"7","author":"Gonzalez-Rivas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.11.082","article-title":"Is obesity or adiposity-based chronic disease curable: the set point theory, the environment, and second-generation medications","volume":"28","author":"Garvey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182212028","article-title":"The role of individualized exercise prescription in obesity management \u2013 case study","volume":"18","author":"Dvorak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1052699","article-title":"Research progress of ferroptosis in adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD)","volume":"2022","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040634","article-title":"Demographics and psychological factors associated with adiposity in nurses","volume":"15","author":"Sanchez-Jimenez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2023.03.272","volume":"29","author":"Nadolsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.04.048","article-title":"Severe obesity and heart failure","volume":"177","author":"Aguilar-Gallardo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102109","article-title":"Diagnosis and evaluation of sarcopenic obesity","author":"Kalra","year":"2026","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000550517","article-title":"Abdominal adipose tissue fibrosis as an obesity biomarker in clinical practice","volume":"3","author":"Zorzano-Martinez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib37","article-title":"The role of necroptosis in adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD): a review","volume":"105","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18020206","article-title":"Adipokine metabolic drivers, gut dysbiosis, and the prostate microbiome: novel pathway enrichment analysis of the adiposity-based chronic disease-prostate cancer network","volume":"18","author":"Dovey","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03292-0","article-title":"Time for a new framework that treats obesity in children as an adiposity-based chronic disease","volume":"30","author":"Manco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71468","article-title":"Network and gene set enrichment analysis of adipokine drivers of prostate cancer; unravelling the mechanistic link between excess adiposity and prostate cancer risk","volume":"15","author":"Dovey","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfae039","article-title":"Are we ready for an adipocentric approach in people living with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease?","volume":"17","author":"Moreno-Perez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183143","article-title":"Disparities in the cardiometabolic impact of adiposity among African American and Hispanic adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Velasquez-Mieyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"o1","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22719","volume":"28","author":"Mechanick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-024-01565-9","article-title":"Providing a common language for obesity: the European Association for the Study of Obesity obesity taxonomy","volume":"49","author":"Bowman-Busato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E115","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00273.2022","article-title":"Decreased adiponectin\/leptin ratio relates to insulin resistance in adults with obesity","volume":"324","author":"Castela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522002963","article-title":"Prevalence of adiposity-based chronic disease and its association with anthropometric and clinical indices: a cross-sectional study","volume":"130","author":"Gonzalez-Salazar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S286888","article-title":"Metabolic and energy imbalance in dysglycemia-based chronic disease","volume":"14","author":"Kalra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276231181074","article-title":"Dysglycemia-based chronic disease and lifestyle medicine: mechanistic interpretation using the allostatic load model","volume":"20","author":"Bartoskova Polcrova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.003","article-title":"The prevalence of dysglycemia-based chronic disease in a European population \u2013 a new paradigm to address diabetes burden: a Kardiovize study","volume":"27","author":"Gonzalez-Rivas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276221095048","article-title":"Transcultural lifestyle medicine in type 2 diabetes care: narrative review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Gonzalez-Rivas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib51","series-title":"Lifestyle Medicine \u2013 Closing Research, Knowledge, and Practice Gaps","first-page":"55","article-title":"Hypertension-based chronic disease","author":"de Oliveira Correia","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072338","article-title":"Dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity drivers of cardiometabolic-based chronic disease in the Czech Population: biological, behavioral, and cultural\/social determinants of health","volume":"13","author":"Pavlovska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09669-7","article-title":"Lessons from bariatric surgery: can increasd GLP-1 enhance vascular repair during cardiometabolic-based chronic disease","volume":"22","author":"Bakbak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.03.004","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and cardiometabolic-based chronic disease: the Kardiovize Study","volume":"27","author":"Pavlovska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S333787","article-title":"Risk factors analysis and management of cardiometabolic-based chronic disease in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"15","author":"Dutt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabets Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120774","article-title":"Analysis of depression status and influencing factors in older women with cardiometabolic-based chronic disease under health ecology model","volume":"395","author":"Ouyang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03418-1","article-title":"Development and external validation of a diagnostic model for cardiometabolic-based chronic disease: results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib58","article-title":"The dominant driver paradigm of cardiometabolic care","author":"Hernandez Sevillano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-025-00242-8","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk reduction with digital twinning in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Seyedi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol Endocrinol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-023-00418-x","article-title":"Telehealth and cardiometabolic-based chronic disease: optimizing preentive care in forcibly displaced migrant populations","volume":"42","author":"Nieto-Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1122203","article-title":"The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition","volume":"10","author":"Mechanick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1188784","article-title":"Large scale application of the Finnish diabetes risk score in Latin America and Caribbean populations: a descriptive study","volume":"14","author":"Nieto-Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1409731","article-title":"Bayesian network model of ethno-racial disparities in cardiometabolic-based chronic disease using NHANES 1999-2018","volume":"12","author":"Babagoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2036","article-title":"Clinical nutrition research and the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review of the ASPEN COVID-19 task force on nutrition research","volume":"45","author":"Mechanick","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S330515","article-title":"TRC150094, a novel mitochondrial modulator, reduces cardio-metabolic risk as an add-on treatment: a phase-2, 24-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1723098","article-title":"A comprehensive study on the uric acid to high-density cholesterol ratio influencing cardiometabolic-based chronic disease in China","volume":"13","author":"Kahaer","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3616","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123616","article-title":"Diabetes-specific nutrition formulas in the management of patients with diabetes and cardiometabolic risk","volume":"12","author":"Mechanick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.102981","article-title":"Operationalizing the malnutrition-based chronic disease model in adults","volume":"72","author":"Mechanick","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.70130","article-title":"Incorporating GLIM criteria to operationalize the malnutrition-based chronic disease framework","volume":"41","author":"Russell","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.148.suppl_1.12563","article-title":"Is cardiometabolic risk reduction sustainable in routine practice?","volume":"148","author":"Hernandez Sevillano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0524","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and prognosis of prediabetes without progression to diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Echouffo-Tcheugui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.717069","article-title":"Association between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: a nationwide, population-based, cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-023-02143-5","article-title":"Changes in cardiovascular risk factors for diabetes among young versus older English adult populations","volume":"33","author":"Basit","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08125-8","article-title":"The Will Rogers phenomenon, breast cancer and race","volume":"21","author":"Nittala","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001405","article-title":"Malnutrition and cachexia in inpatients with acute cardiac conditions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"153","author":"Vest","year":"2026","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.4158\/EP09181.RA","article-title":"Role of endocrinologists in eliminating health care disparities","volume":"15","author":"Elders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.4158\/PS-2019-0080","article-title":"Transcultural diabetes care in the United States \u2013 a position statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists","volume":"25","author":"Mechanick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib78","first-page":"1","article-title":"A conceptual model to guide research on the activities and effects of innovation champions","volume":"2","author":"Shea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Implement Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib79","series-title":"World Health Organization","article-title":"The double burden of malnutrition. Policy brief","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04148-0","article-title":"Obesity and critical care nutrition: current practice gaps and directions for future research","volume":"26","author":"Dickerson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000529005","article-title":"The triple burden of malnutrition in the era of globalization","volume":"97","author":"Prentice","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101527","article-title":"Quadruple burden of young child malnutrition in the Children\u2019s Healthy Living Program, United States \u2013 affiliated Pacific","volume":"156","author":"Novotny","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib83","series-title":"Elgar Encyclopedia of Food and Society","first-page":"318","article-title":"Chapter 76: industrial food systems","author":"Ajates","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib84","series-title":"Prevention Strategies","author":"Keyes","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.057","article-title":"Child health promotion in underserved communities: the FAMILIA trial","volume":"73","author":"Fernandez-Jimenez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib86","article-title":"Primordial prevention: reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in racial\/ethnic populations","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Heart J Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533614525212","article-title":"Physician nutrition education","volume":"29","author":"Kiraly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-021-00558-7","article-title":"Data sources for understanding the social determinants of health: examples from two middle-income countries: the 3-D Commission","volume":"98","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib89","series-title":"Creating a Lifestyle Medicine Center","first-page":"47","article-title":"The role of physical infrastructure on health and well-being","author":"Padron","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/CAT.25.0016","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes pharmacotherapy de-escalation through AI-enabled lifestyle modifications: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Pantalone","year":"2025","journal-title":"NEJM Catalyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.4158\/EP14279.CS","article-title":"American association of clinical endocrinologists and American college of endocrinology consensus conference of obesity: building an evidence base for comprehensive action","volume":"20","author":"Garvey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X26011122?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X26011122?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:43:29Z","timestamp":1789620209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1530891X26011122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S1530891X26011122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nutrition and Chronic Disease Management for the Clinical Endocrinologist: Leveraging the Malnutrition-Based Chronic Disease Model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.08.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}