{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:31:53Z","timestamp":1790159513807,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SAS Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,22]],"date-time":"2010-05-22T09:11:18Z","timestamp":1274519478000},"page":"75-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Bone grafting options for lumbar spine surgery: a review examining clinical efficacy and complications"],"prefix":"10.14444","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Vaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kushagra","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Themistocles","family":"Protopsaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baron","family":"Lonner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Errico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5581","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00006416-200501000-00014","article-title":"The ABCs of BMPs","volume":"24","author":"Boden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Orthop Nurs"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.02.006","article-title":"Demineralized bone matrix and spinal arthrodesis","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib3","series-title":"Bone regeneration and repair: biology and clinical applications","author":"Lieberman","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib4","series-title":"The lumbar spine","author":"Herkowitz","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0855-5","article-title":"Correlative radiological, self-assessment and clinical analysis of evolution in instrumented dorsal and lateral fusion for degenerative lumbar spine disease","volume":"14","author":"Korovessis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000112045.36255.83","article-title":"Iliac crest bone graft donor site pain after anterior lumbar interbody fusion: a prospective patient satisfaction outcome assessment","volume":"18","author":"Sasso","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-49","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of chronic pain associated with posterior autologous iliac crest bone graft harvest and its effect on postoperative outcome","volume":"7","author":"Schwartz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.05.006","article-title":"Prospective study of iliac crest bone graft harvest site pain and morbidity","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623379","article-title":"Relationships between bone structure in the iliac crest and bone structure and strength in the lumbar spine","volume":"3","author":"Dempster","year":"1993","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.03034","article-title":"Histological analysis of a displaced femoral ring allograft spacer filled with a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-soaked collagen sponge","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200002000-00005","article-title":"The use of allograft bone in lumbar spine surgery","volume":"371","author":"Ehrler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.01.116","article-title":"Fresh-frozen vs. irradiated allograft bone in orthopaedic reconstructive surgery","volume":"40","author":"Costain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib13","first-page":"410","article-title":"Contemporary alternatives to synthetic bone grafts for spine surgery","volume":"37","author":"Brandoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70120-6","article-title":"Bone grafting for spinal fusion","volume":"30","author":"Sandhu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib15","first-page":"677","article-title":"The use of bone morphogenetic protein in lumbar spine surgery","volume":"58","author":"Rihn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2008.05.022","article-title":"Local autogenous bone mixed with bone expander: an optimal option of bone graft in single-segment posterolateral lumbar fusion","volume":"70","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199608000-00037","article-title":"Complications of iliac crest bone graft harvesting","volume":"329","author":"Arrington","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib18","first-page":"6","article-title":"A case of lumbar hernia occurring through surgical defect of iliac crest","volume":"64","author":"Lipton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ala Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198912000-00009","article-title":"Harvesting autogenous iliac bone grafts","volume":"14","author":"Kurz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199805000-00003","article-title":"Postoperative drains at the donor sites of iliac-crest bone grafts","volume":"80","author":"Sasso","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199806000-00009","article-title":"Efficacy of surgical wound drainage in orthopaedic trauma patients: a randomized prospective trial","volume":"12","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815b7650","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of postoperative continuous local anesthetic infusion at the iliac crest bone graft site after posterior spinal arthrodesis: a minimum of 4-year follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318185287d","article-title":"Reconstruction of large iliac crest defects after graft harvest using autogenous rib graft: a prospective controlled study","volume":"33","author":"Bapat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.2.0255","article-title":"A comparative analysis of fusion rates and donor-site morbidity for autogeneic rib and iliac crest bone grafts in posterior cervical fusions","volume":"88","author":"Sawin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.02.009","article-title":"In situ local autograft for instrumented lower lumbar or lumbosacral posterolateral fusion","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000085326.73430.68","article-title":"Is local bone viable as a source of bone graft in posterior lumbar interbody fusion?","volume":"28","author":"Miura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.3.4.0271","article-title":"Coralline hydroxyapatite and laminectomy-derived bone as adjuvant graft material for lumbar posterolateral fusion","volume":"3","author":"Hsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20090101-17","article-title":"Histologic evaluation of high speed burr shavings collected during spinal decompression surgery","volume":"32","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000105536.65164.B1","article-title":"Local autograft bone in the surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"29","author":"Violas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816b45c3","article-title":"Comparison of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue & bone marrow for ex vivo gene therapy in rat spinal fusion model","volume":"33","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib31","series-title":"Review of medical physiology","author":"Ganong","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib32","series-title":"Harrison's online","author":"Harrison","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.00230","article-title":"Aspiration of osteoprogenitor cells for augmenting spinal fusion: comparison of progenitor cell concentrations from the vertebral body and iliac crest","volume":"87","author":"McLain","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000058930.38079.24","article-title":"Comparison of bone grafts for posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"28","author":"Price","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2008.11.004","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic assessment of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using HEALOS collagen-hydroxyapatite sponge with autologous bone marrow aspirate","volume":"9","author":"Carter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E636","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000232028.97590.12","article-title":"Healos and bone marrow aspirate used for lumbar spine fusion: a case controlled study comparing healos with autograft","volume":"31","author":"Neen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.09.013","article-title":"A preliminary comparative study of radiographic results using mineralized collagen and bone marrow aspirate versus autologous bone in the same patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion with instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion","volume":"6","author":"Kitchel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000336332.11957.0B","article-title":"The use of allograft or autograft and expandable titanium cages for the treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis","volume":"64","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20655","article-title":"The use of vascularized fibular grafts for the reconstruction of spinal and sacral defects","volume":"29","author":"Moran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200010000-00009","article-title":"Postoperative spinal wound infection: a review of 2,391 consecutive index procedures","volume":"13","author":"Weinstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200810000-00001","article-title":"Musculoskeletal allograft risks and recalls in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Mroz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610046343","article-title":"Lipid oxidation may reduce the quality of a fresh-frozen bone allograft","volume":"77","author":"Laitinen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib43","unstructured":"Scarborough RRN. Inactivation of viruses in demineralized bone matrix. Paper presented at: FDA Workshop on Tissue Transplantation and Reproductive Tissue; June 20-21, 1995; Bethesda, MD."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100180314","article-title":"Effect of freeze-drying and gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone","volume":"18","author":"Cornu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199307000-00015","article-title":"Compression strength of donor bone for posterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"18","author":"Brantigan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B3.0780363","article-title":"Biochemical properties of cortical allograft bone using a new method of bone strength measurement","volume":"78","author":"Hamer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150116","article-title":"Effects of ionizing radiation on the mechanical properties of human bone","volume":"15","author":"Currey","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0282-x","article-title":"A comparison of commercially available demineralized bone matrix for spinal fusion","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-007-0495-4","article-title":"Posterolateral lumbar spine fusion using a novel demineralized bone matrix: a controlled case pilot study","volume":"128","author":"Schizas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208010-00002","article-title":"Allograft versus autograft in instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion: a randomized control trial","volume":"27","author":"Gibson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a005d7","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, blinded, single-site study to evaluate the clinical and radiographic differences between frozen and freeze-dried allograft when used as part of a circumferential anterior lumbar interbody fusion procedure","volume":"34","author":"Thalgott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199409150-00005","article-title":"A prospective analysis of autograft versus allograft in posterolateral lumbar fusion in the same patient","volume":"19","author":"Jorgenson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.70B3.3286656","article-title":"Allograft versus autograft bone in scoliosis surgery","volume":"70","author":"Dodd","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199707010-00008","article-title":"Freeze-dried allograft for posterior spinal fusion in patients with neuromuscular spinal deformities","volume":"22","author":"Yazici","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199912000-00028","article-title":"Use of allograft bone for posterior spinal fusion in idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"369","author":"Grogan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200205000-00003","article-title":"Radiographic outcomes using freeze-dried cancellous allograft bone for posterior spinal fusion in pediatric idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"22","author":"Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000128694.21405.80","article-title":"Allograft bone in spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"18","author":"Knapp","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib58","article-title":"Autogenous iliac crest bone graft versus banked allograft bone in scoliosis surgery in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.07.017","article-title":"Comparative performance of three ceramic bone graft substitutes","volume":"7","author":"Hing","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.01.005","article-title":"Efficacy of silicated calcium phosphate graft in posterolateral lumbar fusion in sheep","volume":"7","author":"Wheeler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200608000-00009","article-title":"A preliminary study of the efficacy of beta tricalcium phosphate as a bone expander for instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusions","volume":"19","author":"Epstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00317-3","article-title":"Bone augmentation osteogenesis using hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate blocks","volume":"61","author":"Fujita","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.08.034","article-title":"Histological assessment in grafts of highly purified beta-tricalcium phosphate (OSferion) in human bones","volume":"27","author":"Ogose","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.11.005","article-title":"An analysis of noninstrumented posterolateral lumbar fusions performed in predominantly geriatric patients using lamina autograft and beta tricalcium phosphate","volume":"8","author":"Epstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.04.007","article-title":"Beta tricalcium phosphate: observation of use in 100 posterolateral lumbar instrumented fusions","volume":"9","author":"Epstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181732a8e","article-title":"Single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion of lumbar spine with beta-tricalcium phosphate versus autograft: a prospective, randomized study with 3-year follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Dai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B1.7276","article-title":"Synthetic porous ceramic compared with autograft in scoliosis surgery","volume":"80","author":"Ransford","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-0924-x","article-title":"An update on bone substitutes for spinal fusion","volume":"18","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200003010-00006","article-title":"A synthetic porous ceramic as a bone graft substitute in the surgical management of scoliosis: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"25","author":"Delecrin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib70","article-title":"Beta-tricalcium phosphate as a bone substitute for dorsal spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: preliminary results of a prospective clinical study","volume":"10","author":"Muschik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0844-1","article-title":"A level-1 pilot study to evaluate of ultraporous beta-tricalcium phosphate as a graft extender in the posterior correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"18","author":"Lerner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199902150-00003","article-title":"The use of coralline hydroxyapatite with bone marrow, autogenous bone graft, or osteoinductive bone protein extract for posterolateral lumbar spine fusion","volume":"24","author":"Boden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32113","article-title":"A prospective consecutive study of instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion using synthetic hydroxyapatite (Bongros(R)-HA) as a bone graft extender","volume":"90","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200210000-00001","article-title":"Anterior lumbar interbody fusion using rhBMP-2 with tapered interbody cages","volume":"15","author":"Burkus","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-0935-7","article-title":"An economic analysis of using rhBMP-2 for lumbar fusion in Germany, France and UK from a societal perspective","volume":"18","author":"Alt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818a314d","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of OP-1 (rhBMP-7) as a replacement for iliac crest autograft in posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis: a long-term (>4 years) pivotal study","volume":"33","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B3.18270","article-title":"Interbody fusion with allograft and rhBMP-2 leads to consistent fusion but early subsidence","volume":"89","author":"Vaidya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.06.381","article-title":"Posterolateral lumbar spine fusion with INFUSE bone graft","volume":"7","author":"Glassman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000172157.39513.80","article-title":"Initial fusion rates with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2\/compression resistant matrix and a hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate\/collagen carrier in posterolateral spinal fusion","volume":"30","author":"Glassman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000240715.78657.81","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and fusion success at 2 years of single-level instrumented posterolateral fusions with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2\/compression resistant matrix versus iliac crest bone graft","volume":"31","author":"Dimar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E277","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000216442.12092.01","article-title":"Graft resorption with the use of bone morphogenetic protein: lessons from anterior lumbar interbody fusion using femoral ring allografts and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2","volume":"31","author":"Pradhan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000206357.88287.5a","article-title":"Influence of rhBMP-2 on the healing patterns associated with allograft interbody constructs in comparison with autograft","volume":"31","author":"Burkus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000160997.91502.3b","article-title":"Comparison of Healos\/bone marrow to INFUSE(rhBMP-2\/ACS) with a collagen-ceramic sponge bulking agent as graft substitutes for lumbar spine fusion","volume":"30","author":"Kraiwattanapong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208151-00007","article-title":"Overview of the biology of lumbar spine fusion and principles for selecting a bone graft substitute","volume":"27","author":"Boden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318190705d","article-title":"RhBMP-2 versus iliac crest bone graft for lumbar spine fusion: a randomized, controlled trial in patients over sixty years of age","volume":"33","author":"Glassman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00200","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic analysis of an optimized rhBMP-2 formulation as an autograft replacement in posterolateral lumbar spine arthrodesis","volume":"91","author":"Dimar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E680","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181844eca","article-title":"Efficacy of autologous iliac crest bone graft and bone morphogenetic proteins for posterolateral fusion of lumbar spine: a meta-analysis of the results","volume":"33","author":"Papakostidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3109\/08977199609003229","article-title":"Heterodimeric bone morphogenetic proteins show enhanced activity in vitro and in vivo","volume":"13","author":"Israel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200001000-00001","article-title":"The role of human bone morphogenetic proteins in spinal fusion","volume":"8","author":"Zlotolow","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000076901.49567.25","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins and spinal surgery","volume":"28","author":"Sandhu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200503000-00006","article-title":"Use of osteopromotive growth factors, demineralized bone matrix, and ceramics to enhance spinal fusion","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199902150-00003","article-title":"The use of coralline hydroxyapatite with bone marrow, autogenous bone graft, or osteoinductive bone protein extract for posterolateral lumbar spine fusion","volume":"24","author":"Boden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.10.015","article-title":"Accelerating lumbar fusions by combining rhBMP-2 with allograft bone: a prospective analysis of interbody fusion rates and clinical outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Slosar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181952695","article-title":"Short-term osteoclastic activity induced by locally high concentrations of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a cancellous bone environment","volume":"34","author":"Toth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31815ea897","article-title":"Complications in the use of rhBMP-2 in PEEK cages for interbody spinal fusions","volume":"21","author":"Vaidya","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.956","article-title":"Prevalence, complications, and hospital charges associated with use of bone-morphogenetic proteins in spinal fusion procedures","volume":"302","author":"Cahill","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000245863.52371.c2","article-title":"Increased swelling complications associated with off-label usage of rhBMP-2 in the anterior cervical spine","volume":"31","author":"Smucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a2da08","article-title":"Perioperative complications of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge versus iliac crest bone graft for posterior cervical arthrodesis","volume":"34","author":"Crawford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000201424.27509.72","article-title":"Adverse effects associated with high-dose recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 use in anterior cervical spine fusion","volume":"31","author":"Shields","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ONS423","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000326030.24220.d8","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the safety profile of bone morphogenetic protein in spine surgery","volume":"62","author":"Benglis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.04.004","article-title":"Complications associated with single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"9","author":"Rihn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1046-1","article-title":"The use of RhBMP-2 in single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a clinical and radiographic analysis","volume":"18","author":"Rihn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.03.004","article-title":"The perioperative cost of Infuse bone graft in posterolateral lumbar spine fusion","volume":"8","author":"Glassman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.02.014","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins for spinal fusion","volume":"5","author":"Carlisle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(01)00170-X","article-title":"Osseointegration of autograft versus osteogenic protein-1 in posterolateral spinal arthrodesis: emphasis on the comparative mechanisms of bone induction","volume":"2","author":"Cunningham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000137062.79201.98","article-title":"A pilot study evaluating the safety and efficacy of OP-1 Putty (rhBMP-7) as a replacement for iliac crest autograft in posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis for degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"29","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0845-7","article-title":"A 2-year follow-up pilot study evaluating the safety and efficacy of op-1 putty (rhbmp-7) as an adjunct to iliac crest autograft in posterolateral lumbar fusions","volume":"14","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20931","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa in a young adult with history of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for childhood acute leukemia","volume":"31","author":"Tomihara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000161004.15308.b4","article-title":"Industry support and correlation to study outcome for papers published in Spine","volume":"30","author":"Shah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004_bib110","first-page":"E205","article-title":"The roles of funding source, clinical trial outcome, and quality of reporting in orthopedic surgery literature","volume":"37","author":"Khan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"}],"container-title":["SAS Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijssurgery.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T20:49:25Z","timestamp":1737060565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ijssurgery.com\/10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935981010000447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-9810"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-9810","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}