{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T01:39:25Z","timestamp":1793842765745,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016808","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022J05096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J05096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF1301302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1301302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42307591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42307591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Science and Ecotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:56:32Z","timestamp":1736556992000},"page":"100524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Causal-inference machine learning reveals the drivers of China's 2022 ozone rebound"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baihua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanshu","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GH000570","article-title":"Sensitivity of air pollution exposure and Disease Burden to emission changes in China using machine learning Emulation","volume":"6","author":"Conibear","year":"2022","journal-title":"GeoHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2023GL105209","article-title":"Adverse effects of ozone pollution on net primary productivity in the North China plain","volume":"51","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0048-7","article-title":"Characterization of the concentration-response curve for ambient ozone and acute respiratory morbidity in 5 US cities, J. Expo","volume":"29","author":"Barry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Environ. Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib4","first-page":"106","volume":"vol. 180","author":"Paulin","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2020.0154","article-title":"Health effects of ozone on respiratory diseases","volume":"83","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tuberc. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2019.0327","article-title":"Effects of ozone on agriculture, forests and grasslands","volume":"378","author":"Emberson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4049","DOI":"10.1021\/es050228s","article-title":"Contributions of organic Peroxides to secondary aerosol formed from reactions of monoterpenes with O3","volume":"39","author":"Docherty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-023-01284-2","article-title":"Sustained emission reductions have restrained the ozone pollution over China","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib9","author":"ASIAN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168272","article-title":"Contrasting changes in ozone during 2019\u20132021 between eastern and the other regions of China attributed to anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions","volume":"908","author":"Ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib11","article-title":"Analysis of surface ozone pollution in China amid the record summertime extreme heat of 2022.pdf","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aosl.2024.100470","article-title":"Implications of the extremely hot summer of 2022 on urban ozone control in China","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Ocean. Sci. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pgac266","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac266","article-title":"Attributing increases in ozone to accelerated oxidation of volatile organic compounds at reduced nitrogen oxides concentrations","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2022.113358","article-title":"Trends of ambient O3 levels associated with O3 precursor gases and meteorology in California: Synergies from ground and satellite observations","volume":"284","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib15","article-title":"Combining physical mechanisms and deep learning models for hourly surface ozone retrieval in China","volume":"351","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2023GL106527","article-title":"Co-Occurring extremes of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone in the summer of southern China","volume":"51","author":"Lyu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib17","article-title":"Distinct spatiotemporal variation patterns of surface ozone in China due to diverse influential factors","volume":"288","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2022.119148","article-title":"Investigating variable importance in ground-level ozone formation with supervised learning","volume":"282","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0464-x","article-title":"A\u00a0two-pollutant strategy for improving ozone and particulate air quality in China","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18589","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-18589-2021","article-title":"The drivers and health risks of unexpected surface ozone enhancements over the Sichuan Basin, China, in 2020","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-203-2020","article-title":"Local and synoptic meteorological influences on daily variability in summertime surface ozone in eastern China","volume":"20","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-023-00932-0","article-title":"Machine learning coupled structure mining method visualizes the impact of multiple drivers on ambient ozone","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-15-1511-2022","article-title":"Ozone formation sensitivity study using machine learning coupled with the reactivity of volatile organic compound species","volume":"15","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib24","article-title":"Convolutional neural networks facilitate process understanding of Megacity ozone temporal variability","author":"Mai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c01197","article-title":"Dissecting drivers of ozone pollution during the 2022 Multicity lockdowns in China Sheds light on Future control direction","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-023-00431-y","article-title":"Causal inference for time series","volume":"4","author":"Runge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib27","first-page":"13400","article-title":"Machine learning-aided causal inference Framework for environmental data analysis: a COVID-19 Case study","volume":"55","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-16-2149-2023","article-title":"Causal deep learning models for studying the Earth system","volume":"16","author":"Tesch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev. (GMD)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abk1942","article-title":"Mapping of machine learning approaches for description, prediction, and causal inference in the social and health sciences","volume":"8","author":"Leist","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib30","article-title":"Causal machine learning for healthcare and precision medicine","volume":"9","author":"Sanchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"R.\u00a0Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-023-01302-3","article-title":"Global crop production increase by soil organic carbon","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1214\/18-AOS1709","article-title":"Generalized random forests","volume":"47","author":"Athey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3583685","article-title":"An Application of causal forest in Corporate finance: how does financing affect Investment?","author":"Gulen","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.09.027","article-title":"TROPOMI on the ESA Sentinel-5 Precursor: a GMES mission for global observations of the atmospheric composition for climate, air quality and ozone layer applications","volume":"120","author":"Veefkind","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib35","unstructured":"A. Liaw, M. Wiener, Classification and Regression by Randomforest, R. News 2 (n.d.) 18\u201322. http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/doc\/Rnews\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0138-9","article-title":"From local explanations to global understanding with explainable AI for trees","volume":"2","author":"Lundberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0304-0","article-title":"Explainable machine-learning predictions for the prevention of hypoxaemia during surgery","volume":"2","author":"Lundberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg8204","article-title":"Temperature-dependent emissions dominate aerosol and ozone formation in Los Angeles","volume":"384","author":"Pfannerstill","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2006.01561.x","article-title":"On the induction of volatile organic compound emissions by plants as consequence of wounding or fluctuations of light and temperature, Plant","volume":"29","author":"LORETO","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5430","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c09122","article-title":"Temperature-dependent evaporative anthropogenic VOC emissions significantly exacerbate regional ozone pollution","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106917","article-title":"A\u00a0machine learning model to estimate ground-level ozone concentrations in California using TROPOMI data and high-resolution meteorology","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7051","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2023.3298996","article-title":"Estimation of near-ground ozone with high Spatio-temporal resolution in the Yangtze River Delta region of China based on a temporally ensemble model","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac6c3c","article-title":"Concurrent hot extremes and high ultraviolet radiation in summer over the Yangtze Plain and their possible impact on surface ozone","volume":"17","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/20964471.2022.2157093","article-title":"Classification of ozone pollution and analysis of meteorological factors in the Yangtze River Delta","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Big Earth Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166182","article-title":"Contrasting effects of clean air actions on surface ozone concentrations in different regions over Beijing from May to September 2013\u20132020","volume":"903","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.02.019","article-title":"Meteorological mechanism for a large-scale persistent severe ozone pollution event over eastern China in 2017","volume":"92","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad376d","article-title":"Detecting causal relationships between fine particles and ozone based on observations in four typical cities of China","volume":"19","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162431","article-title":"A\u00a0new approach of air pollution regionalization based on geographically weighted variations for multi-pollutants in China","volume":"873","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17569","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c06217","article-title":"Multiple impacts of aerosols on O3 production are largely Compensated: a Case study Shenzhen, China","volume":"56","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6066","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c10927","article-title":"Atmospheric reactive nitrogen species weaken the air quality response to emission reductions in China","volume":"58","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-3309-2024","article-title":"Regional to global distributions, trends, and drivers of biogenic volatile organic compound emission from 2001 to 2020","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.210379","article-title":"Spatiotemporal distributions of ambient volatile organic compounds in China: Characteristics and sources","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4939","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-4939-2021","article-title":"Spatiotemporal variation, sources, and secondary transformation potential of volatile organic compounds in Xi\u2019an, China","volume":"21","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.12.006","article-title":"Characteristics of surface ozone and nitrogen oxides at urban, suburban and rural sites in Ningbo, China","volume":"187","author":"Tong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13725","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-13725-2019","article-title":"A\u00a0typical weather pattern for ozone pollution events in North China","volume":"19","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147308","article-title":"Insight into ozone profile climatology over northeast China from aircraft measurement and numerical simulation","volume":"785","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6305","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-6305-2020","article-title":"Worsening urban ozone pollution in China from 2013 to 2017 \u2013 Part 1: the complex and varying roles of meteorology","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2023.106892","article-title":"Relationship between summer time near-surface ozone concentration and planetary boundary layer height in Beijing","volume":"293","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118498","article-title":"Understanding the causal influence of major meteorological factors on ground ozone concentrations across China","volume":"242","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib60","article-title":"Future evolution of surface solar radiation and photovoltaic potential in Europe: investigating the role of aerosols","volume":"15","author":"Gutirrez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114805","article-title":"Reconstructing 10-km-resolution direct normal irradiance dataset through a hybrid algorithm","volume":"204","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7253","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-7253-2021","article-title":"Spatial and temporal changes of the ozone sensitivity in China based on satellite and ground-based observations","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c01197","article-title":"Dissecting drivers of ozone pollution during the 2022 Multicity lockdowns in China Sheds light on Future control direction","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pgac266","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac266","article-title":"Attributing increases in ozone to accelerated oxidation of volatile organic compounds at reduced nitrogen oxides concentrations","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.117020","article-title":"Climate-driven trends of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions and their impacts on summertime ozone and secondary organic aerosol in China in the 2050s","volume":"218","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151722","article-title":"Unveiling the dipole synergic effect of biogenic and anthropogenic emissions on ozone concentrations","volume":"818","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Ecotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266649842500002X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266649842500002X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T18:40:11Z","timestamp":1745001611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S266649842500002X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S266649842500002X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-4984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-4984","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Causal-inference machine learning reveals the drivers of China's 2022 ozone rebound","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Science and Ecotechnology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100524","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100524"}}