{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:40:42Z","timestamp":1787503242509,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22378374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22378374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024MB086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024MB086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Science and Ecotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:14:15Z","timestamp":1775182455000},"page":"100696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Phase-change photothermal foam enables continuous hypersaline brine desalination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Peilei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lishan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingshan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2024.101407","article-title":"Photothermal fabrics for solar-driven seawater desalination","volume":"150","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"6043","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200488","article-title":"The future of seawater desalination: energy, technology, and the environment","volume":"333","author":"Elimelech","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2020.114728","article-title":"Seawater desalination technology and engineering in China: a review","volume":"498","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2024.118124","article-title":"Solar membrane distillation: an emerging technology for reverse osmosis concentrated brine treatment","volume":"592","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib5","first-page":"625","article-title":"A review of the management and treatment of brine solutions","volume":"3","author":"Pramanik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.122988","article-title":"Rationally constructing a 3D bifunctional solar evaporator for high-performance water evaporation coupled with pollutants degradation","volume":"337","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010192714395","article-title":"Study of the evaporation of a brine involving the system Na+, Mg 2+, K+, cl\u2212, S","volume":"57","author":"Zayani","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib8","series-title":"Desalination-Challenges and Opportunities","article-title":"An overview on the treatment and management of the desalination brine solution","author":"Katal","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2013.10.020","article-title":"A review of sources, effects, disposal methods, and regulations of brine into marine environments","volume":"87","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120514","article-title":"Environmental energy enhanced solar-driven evaporator with spontaneous internal convection for highly efficient water purification","volume":"244","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-018-0085-9","article-title":"Desalination of water: a review","volume":"4","author":"Darre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pollut. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.351","article-title":"Desalination brine disposal methods and treatment technologies-A review","volume":"693","author":"Panagopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi7755","article-title":"Emerging materials and technologies for electrocatalytic seawater splitting","volume":"9","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cep.2022.108944","article-title":"Brine management (saline water & wastewater effluents): sustainable utilization and resource recovery strategy through Minimal and Zero Liquid Discharge (MLD & ZLD) desalination systems","volume":"176","author":"Panagopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2022.115827","article-title":"Drivers, challenges, and emerging technologies for desalination of high-salinity brines: a critical review","volume":"538","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cep.2024.109773","article-title":"Techno-economic analysis (TEA) of zero liquid discharge (ZLD) systems for treatment and utilization of brine via resource recovery","volume":"200","author":"Panagopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2025.118890","article-title":"Concentrated solar supercritical water desalination and multi-effect distillation hybrid systems for efficient zero liquid discharge","volume":"609","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13071963","article-title":"Mechanical vapour compression modelling and assessment in a zero-liquid-discharge desalination system","volume":"13","author":"Calleja-Cay\u00f3n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2017.04.012","article-title":"Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis for high salinity brine treatment","volume":"421","author":"Bartholomew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2016.06.028","article-title":"Membrane distillation for concentration of hypersaline brines from the Great Salt Lake: effects of scaling and fouling on performance, efficiency, and salt rejection","volume":"170","author":"Bush","year":"2016","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2017.05.056","article-title":"Aeration waste heat for membrane evaporation of desalination brine concentrate","volume":"539","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.121057","article-title":"A comprehensive assessment of the economic and technical viability of a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) hybrid desalination system for water and salt recovery","volume":"359","author":"Panagopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brine management with zero and minimal liquid discharge","author":"Tong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clean Technol."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202401322","article-title":"Recent advances in high-rate solar-driven interfacial evaporation","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib25","article-title":"Solar-driven interfacial evaporation: materials design and device assembly","volume":"4","author":"kumar Balu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151157","article-title":"Recent research advances in efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation","volume":"489","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.122556","article-title":"Co nanoparticles modified N-doped carbon nanosheets array as a novel bifunctional photothermal membrane for simultaneous solar-driven interfacial water evaporation and persulfate mediating water purification","volume":"330","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.109925","article-title":"An overview of photothermal materials for solar-driven interfacial evaporation","volume":"36","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.153316","article-title":"Solar-driven interfacial evaporation: research advances in structural design","volume":"495","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eom2.12179","article-title":"Repurposing face mask waste to construct floating photothermal evaporator for autonomous solar ocean farming","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"EcoMat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2024.118356","article-title":"Recent progress in solar-driven interfacial evaporation: evaporators, condensers, applications and prospects","volume":"597","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110394","article-title":"A review: fabric-based solar driven interfacial evaporator","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2023.100099","article-title":"Device design and optimization of sorption-based atmospheric water harvesters","volume":"1","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Device"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2024.216378","article-title":"Strategies for enhancing the photothermal conversion efficiency of solar-driven interfacial evaporation","volume":"527","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw5991","article-title":"Self-powered green energy\u2013harvesting and sensing interfaces based on hygroscopic gel and water-locking effects","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60341-z","article-title":"Leaf-based energy harvesting and storage utilizing hygroscopic iron hydrogel for continuous power generation","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9636","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c16998","article-title":"Advancing efficiency in solar-driven interfacial evaporation: strategies and applications","volume":"19","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160061","article-title":"Solar interfacial evaporation hydrogel with distributed packaging of phase change materials for continuous desalination","volume":"506","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15586","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05067","article-title":"Aerogels meet phase change materials: fundamentals, advances, and beyond","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2022.119417","article-title":"Potential of phase change materials and their effective use in solar thermal applications: a critical review","volume":"219","author":"Goel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2021.111350","article-title":"Flexible and double-layered photothermal material based on resorcinol-formaldehyde foam for solar assisted water desalination","volume":"232","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib42","article-title":"Superhydrophilic and mechanically robust phenolic resin as double layered photothermal materials for efficient solar steam generation","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2021.05.136","article-title":"Dodecylamine\/Ti3C2-pectin form-stable phase change composites with enhanced light-to-thermal conversion and mechanical properties","volume":"176","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6915","DOI":"10.1021\/cm504036u","article-title":"General and straightforward synthetic route to phenolic resin gels templated by chitosan networks","volume":"26","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.11.116","article-title":"Oxidation-mediated chitosan as additives for creation of chitosan aerogels with diverse three-dimensional interconnected skeletons","volume":"396","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.10.075","article-title":"Synthesis, optimization and structural characterization of a chitosan\u2013glucose derivative obtained by the Maillard reaction","volume":"137","author":"Gull\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.03.065","article-title":"Titanium surface functionalization with coatings of chitosan and polyphenol-rich plant extracts","volume":"196","author":"Douglas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10891","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA27341F","article-title":"Enhancement of s (V) adsorption from aqueous solution by a magnetic chitosan\/biochar composite","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2017.09.024","article-title":"Phenolic resin\/chitosan composite derived nitrogen-doped carbon as highly durable and anti-poisoning electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/solr.202100924","article-title":"Fatty amines embedded carbon membranes with aligned nanochannels network: a device with extremely high photothermal conversion efficiency toward solar energy harvesting and storage","volume":"6","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sol. RRL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.09.013","article-title":"Shape-stabilized phase change materials based on porous supports for thermal energy storage applications","volume":"356","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c09124","article-title":"Tailoring the salt transport flux of solar evaporators for a highly effective salt-resistant desalination with high productivity","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27121","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA08886F","article-title":"Solar-driven interfacial evaporation toward clean water production: burgeoning materials, concepts and technologies","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2024.117400","article-title":"Full-spectrum-responsive Ti4O7-PVA nanocomposite hydrogel with ultrahigh evaporation rate for efficient solar steam generation","volume":"577","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Desalination"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Ecotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666498426000414?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666498426000414?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:48:19Z","timestamp":1782748099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666498426000414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S2666498426000414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-4984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-4984","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Phase-change photothermal foam enables continuous hypersaline brine desalination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Science and Ecotechnology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ese.2026.100696","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100696"}}