{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T22:41:13Z","timestamp":1792536073542,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","esmogastro.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ESMO Gastrointestinal Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:15:43Z","timestamp":1787595343000},"page":"100397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Adjuvant treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)\u2014state of the art, controversies, and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7182-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.-M.","family":"Scheuble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Lordick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9853-2528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.G.","family":"Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2015.10.031","article-title":"Global epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST): a systematic review of population-based cohort studies","volume":"40","author":"S\u00f8reide","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200001000-00008","article-title":"Two hundred gastrointestinal stromal tumors: recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival","volume":"231","author":"DeMatteo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2008.06.025","article-title":"Risk stratification of patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor","volume":"39","author":"Joensuu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70242-6","article-title":"Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for recurrence-free survival after complete surgical resection of localised primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a retrospective analysis","volume":"10","author":"Gold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2002.123545","article-title":"Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach","volume":"33","author":"Fletcher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70299-6","article-title":"Risk of recurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumour after surgery: an analysis of pooled population-based cohorts","volume":"13","author":"Joensuu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2006.09.001","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: pathology and prognosis at different sites","volume":"23","author":"Miettinen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.01.004","volume":"32","author":"Casali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"9669","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60500-6","article-title":"Adjuvant imatinib mesylate after resection of localised, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"373","author":"DeMatteo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.4060","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of 5-year adjuvant imatinib treatment for patients with resected intermediate- or high-risk primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor: the PERSIST-5 clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Raut","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.01.043","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with KIT exon 11 deletions are associated with poor prognosis","volume":"130","author":"Andersson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-3980","article-title":"KIT and PDGFRA mutations and survival of gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients treated with adjuvant imatinib in a randomized trial","volume":"29","author":"Joensuu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e141","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad206","article-title":"KIT\/PDGFRA variant allele frequency as prognostic factor in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): results from a multi-institutional cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Incorvaia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11323","article-title":"Deletion of Trp-557 and Lys-558 in the juxtamembrane domain of the c-kit protooncogene is associated with metastatic behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"106","author":"Wardelmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4342","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.04.190","article-title":"Kinase mutations and imatinib response in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor","volume":"21","author":"Heinrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000521751","article-title":"KIT exon 9-mutated gastrointestinal stromal tumours: biology and treatment","volume":"67","author":"Napolitano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-1665","article-title":"Adjuvant imatinib in patients with GIST harboring exon 9 KIT mutations: results from a multi-institutional European retrospective study","volume":"28","author":"Vincenzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.09.005","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: ESMO-EURACAN-GENTURIS Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Casali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5360","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.17.4284","volume":"26","author":"Heinrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.51.2046","article-title":"Pathologic and molecular features correlate with long-term outcome after adjuvant therapy of resected primary GI stromal tumor: the ACOSOG Z9001 trial","volume":"32","author":"Corless","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2026.0007","article-title":"Adjuvant imatinib or observation in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors with KIT exon 9 mutations","volume":"12","author":"Napolitano","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.13190","article-title":"Clinical importance of tumor rupture in gastrointestinal stromal tumor","volume":"25","author":"Nishida","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dig Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-018-6353-5","article-title":"Recurrence-free survival after resection of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors classified according to a strict definition of tumor rupture: a population-based study","volume":"25","author":"H\u00f8lmebakk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-019-07297-9","article-title":"Defining tumor rupture in gastrointestinal stromal tumor","volume":"26","author":"Nishida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10104","article-title":"Definition and clinical significance of tumour rupture in gastrointestinal stromal tumours of the small intestine","volume":"103","author":"H\u00f8lmebakk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02738-z","article-title":"Survival of patients with ruptured gastrointestinal stromal tumour treated with adjuvant imatinib in a randomised trial","volume":"131","author":"Joensuu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1002\/ags3.12684","article-title":"Re-appraisal of the universal definition of tumor rupture among patients with high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"7","author":"Gotohda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2021.1040","article-title":"Adjuvant imatinib treatment for 5 years versus 3 years in patients with ruptured localized gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a retrospective analysis","volume":"54","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.08.2343","article-title":"A randomized study of 6 versus 3 years of adjuvant imatinib in patients with localized GIST at high risk of relapse","volume":"35","author":"Blay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53821-1","article-title":"Genomic and transcriptomic landscape of human gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3143","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: origin and molecular oncology","volume":"11","author":"Corless","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.0256","article-title":"Molecular subtypes of KIT\/PDGFRA wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a report from the National Institutes of Health gastrointestinal stromal tumor clinic","volume":"2","author":"Boikos","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359231192388","article-title":"2023 GEIS guidelines for gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"15","author":"Serrano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.347","article-title":"One vs three years of adjuvant imatinib for operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a randomized trial","volume":"307","author":"Joensuu","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.2091","article-title":"Survival outcomes associated with 3 years vs 1 year of adjuvant imatinib for patients with high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an analysis of a randomized clinical trial after 10-year follow-up","volume":"6","author":"Joensuu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4276","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.4304","volume":"33","author":"Casali","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.05.009","article-title":"Follow-up strategies for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumour treated with or without adjuvant imatinib after surgery","volume":"51","author":"Joensuu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.05.535","article-title":"Twenty-year survival of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours treated with imatinib: exploratory long-term follow-up of the BFR14 trial","volume":"36","author":"Blay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.70106","article-title":"Analysis of clinical factors impacting imatinib trough concentrations in Chinese patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a real-world study","author":"Tang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.05.025","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of imatinib in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours\u2014results from daily clinical practice","volume":"136","author":"IJzerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-1184","article-title":"Novel genomic risk stratification model for primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in the adjuvant therapy era","volume":"29","author":"Dermawan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.11.284","article-title":"Proteomic characterization identifies clinically relevant subgroups of gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"166","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00259-6","article-title":"Interpretable artificial intelligence to optimise use of imatinib after resection in patients with localised gastrointestinal stromal tumours: an observational cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Bertsimas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["ESMO Gastrointestinal Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S294981982600097X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S294981982600097X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T22:37:43Z","timestamp":1792535863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S294981982600097X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S294981982600097X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-8198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adjuvant treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)\u2014state of the art, controversies, and future directions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"ESMO Gastrointestinal Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esmogo.2026.100397","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Medical Oncology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100397"}}