{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T05:16:15Z","timestamp":1788671775329,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013845","name":"Fondation contre le Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013845","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005026","name":"Foundation Against Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/1594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/1594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","esmorwd.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ESMO Real World Data and Digital Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T09:34:36Z","timestamp":1737452076000},"page":"100111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cardiovascular toxicities in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: multicenter study using natural language processing on Belgian hospital data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1660-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Delombaerde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-132X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.L.","family":"Oeste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Geldhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Croes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8931-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Bassez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Verbiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0623-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7085-5317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Franssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5438-9697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.R.","family":"Debruyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8802-7352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Prenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"De Sutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4607-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Vulsteke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504030","article-title":"Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma","volume":"373","author":"Larkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1810865","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for squamous non\u2013small-cell lung cancer","volume":"379","author":"Paz-Ares","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126","article-title":"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma","volume":"378","author":"Motzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239","article-title":"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Pardoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1703481","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"378","author":"Postow","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30608-9","article-title":"Spectrum of cardiovascular toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance study","volume":"19","author":"Salem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.037","article-title":"Myocarditis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"71","author":"Mahmood","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2023.102334","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factor reporting in immune checkpoint inhibitor trials: a systematic review","volume":"83","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-017-0300-z","article-title":"Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensus recommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Toxicity Management Working Group","volume":"5","author":"Puzanov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.059","article-title":"Reporting of cardiovascular events in clinical trials supporting FDA approval of contemporary cancer therapies","volume":"75","author":"Bonsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib11","first-page":"4","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity of immune-checkpoint inhibitors: a rare, yet possibly fatal complication","volume":"16","author":"Agostinetto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Belgian J Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac244","volume":"43","author":"Lyon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib13","first-page":"10","article-title":"Newly diagnosed cardiovascular disease in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective analysis of patients at an academic tertiary care center","volume":"7","author":"Waheed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiooncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib14","first-page":"6074","article-title":"Real-world cardiovascular toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a retrospective controlled cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14051145","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated cardiotoxicity","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib16","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiotoxicity in solid tumors: real-world incidence, risk factors, and prognostic analysis","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.838488","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity related to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a real-world retrospective analysis","volume":"9","author":"She","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01808","article-title":"Incidence of cardiovascular events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"40","author":"Laenens","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib19","article-title":"Cardiovascular adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: a real world study from 2018 to 2022","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15174293","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors in the elderly: safety in real-world data","volume":"15","author":"Toribio-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib21","article-title":"Cardiovascular adverse events are associated with usage of immune checkpoint inhibitors in real-world clinical data across the United States","volume":"6","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12523","article-title":"Validation of an Artificial Intelligence driven framework to automatically detect red flag symptoms in screening for rare diseases in electronic health records: hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy as a key example","volume":"28","author":"Hens","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.07.039","article-title":"What can we expect following anterior total hip arthroplasty on a regular operating table? A validation study of an artificial intelligence algorithm to monitor adverse events in a high-volume, nonacademic setting","volume":"34","author":"Van de Meulebroucke","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib26","series-title":"The Book of OHDSI: Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.10.001","article-title":"ESMO Guidance for Reporting Oncology real-World evidence (GROW)","volume":"34","author":"Castelo-Branco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","author":"Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.07.079","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"74","author":"Ball","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2019.05.003","article-title":"Generalisability of common oncology clinical trial eligibility criteria in the real world","volume":"31","author":"Karim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib31","article-title":"Identification and characterization of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced toxicities from electronic health records using natural language processing","volume":"8","author":"Barman","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Clin Cancer Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.07.217","article-title":"Using natural language processing to identify patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis","volume":"108","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00369","article-title":"Major adverse cardiac events with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a pooled analysis of trials sponsored by the National Cancer Institute-Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program","volume":"40","author":"Naqash","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.2643","article-title":"Triple M overlap syndrome (TMOS): evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitor-related overlap syndrome of myocarditis, myositis and myasthenia gravis using an international pharmacovigilance database","volume":"42","author":"Naqash","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30533-6","article-title":"Increased reporting of fatal immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis","volume":"391","author":"Moslehi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13931","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis with myositis\/myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: a systematic review of cases","volume":"26","author":"Pathak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib37","first-page":"261","article-title":"Late cardiac adverse events in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"8","author":"Dolladille","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00600-w","article-title":"Immune-checkpoint inhibitors: long-term implications of toxicity","volume":"19","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.049981","article-title":"Association between immune checkpoint inhibitors with cardiovascular events and atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"142","author":"Drobni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw558","article-title":"Neurotoxicity from immune-checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of melanoma: a single centre experience and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Spain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet208","article-title":"Neuropathic pain in cancer","volume":"111","author":"Fallon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.7722","article-title":"Association of immune checkpoint inhibitors with neurologic adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Farooq","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034497","article-title":"Myocarditis in the setting of cancer therapeutics: proposed case definitions for emerging clinical syndromes in cardio-oncology","volume":"140","author":"Bonaca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["ESMO Real World Data and Digital Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949820124000894?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949820124000894?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:53:51Z","timestamp":1788670431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949820124000894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S2949820124000894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8201"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-8201","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiovascular toxicities in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: multicenter study using natural language processing on Belgian hospital data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"ESMO Real World Data and Digital Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esmorw.2024.100111","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Medical Oncology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100111"}}