{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T12:13:42Z","timestamp":1778847222050,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012492","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011332","name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72022019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72022019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71874177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71874177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFA0608603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0608603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Energy Strategy Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T05:41:09Z","timestamp":1647063669000},"page":"100822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Heterogeneous effects of energy poverty convergence in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Zhilin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Energy poverty: an overview","volume":"47","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Eguino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102655","article-title":"The role of national carbon pricing in phasing out China's coal power","volume":"3","author":"Mo","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glt.2020.01.003","article-title":"European energy poverty metrics: scales, prospects and limits","volume":"2","author":"Sareen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Transitions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.05.014","article-title":"Energy poverty and indoor cooling: an overlooked issue in Europe","volume":"196","author":"Thomson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14060584","article-title":"Health, well-being and energy poverty in Europe: a comparative study of 32 European countries","volume":"14","author":"Thomson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2012.10.009","article-title":"Quantifying the prevalence of fuel poverty across the European Union","volume":"52","author":"Thomson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.3390\/en13133389","article-title":"Climate change mitigation policies targeting households and addressing energy poverty in European union","volume":"13","author":"Streimikiene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2019.104592","article-title":"An economic approach to the study of the relationship between housing hazards and health: the case of residential fuel poverty in France","volume":"85","author":"Kahouli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2015.01.022","article-title":"Measuring fuel poverty in France: which households are the most fuel vulnerable?","volume":"49","author":"Legendre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib9","series-title":"A Deprivation-Based Assessment of Energy Poverty: Conceptual Problems and Application to Germany","author":"Heindl","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-021-02685-9","article-title":"Energy poverty and low carbon just energy transition: comparative study in Lithuania and Greece","volume":"158","author":"Streimikiene","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Indicat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/19475683.2018.1557253","article-title":"Spatial homogeneity and heterogeneity of energy poverty: a neglected dimension","volume":"25","author":"Mashhoodi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of GIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2020.104736","article-title":"Objective vs. subjective fuel poverty and self-assessed health","volume":"87","author":"Llorca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2021.105554","article-title":"The impact of the bono social de Electricidad on energy poverty in Spain","volume":"103","author":"Alvarez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2019.04.031","article-title":"Fuel poverty and Well-Being: a consumer theory and stochastic frontier approach","volume":"131","author":"Rodriguez-Alvarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib14","first-page":"153","article-title":"The dynamics of energy poverty: evidence from Spain","volume":"4","author":"Phimister","year":"2015","journal-title":"Econ of Energy & Environ Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2011.04.057","article-title":"Predicting fuel poverty at a small-area level in England","volume":"39","author":"Fahmy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2307\/2534639","article-title":"Convergence across states and regions","volume":"22","author":"Barro","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brookings Pap. Econ. Activ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2307\/2937943","article-title":"Economic growth in a cross section of countries","volume":"106","author":"Barro","year":"1991","journal-title":"Q. J. Econ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1086\/261816","article-title":"Convergence","volume":"100","author":"Barro","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Polit. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib19","series-title":"Economic Growth","author":"Barro","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022910701857","article-title":"Are CO2 emission levels converging among industrial countries?","volume":"24","author":"Strazicich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Resour. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10887-010-9051-0","article-title":"The green Solow model","volume":"15","author":"Brock","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Econ. Growth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2017.11.015","article-title":"Energy consumption and CO2 emissions convergence in European Union member countries. A tonneau des Danaides?","volume":"69","author":"Kounetas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2016.07.002","article-title":"Convergence in energy consumption per capita across the US states, 1970\u20132013: an exploration through selected parametric and non-parametric methods","volume":"62","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2016.07.009","article-title":"Conditional convergence in Australia\u2019s energy consumption at the sector level","volume":"62","author":"Mishra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117750","article-title":"Nonlinear globalization threshold effect of energy intensity convergence in Belt and Road countries","volume":"237","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.02.025","article-title":"How does foreign direct investment influence energy intensity convergence in China? Evidence from prefecture-level data","volume":"219","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.09.096","article-title":"Convergence analysis of regional energy efficiency in China based on large-dimensional panel data model","volume":"142","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5901","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07378-y","article-title":"Convergence of renewable energy consumption in the EU-15: evidence from stochastic and club convergence tests","volume":"27","author":"Kasman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2019.104659","article-title":"Stochastic convergence in per capita CO2 emissions: evidence from emerging economies, 1921-2014","volume":"86","author":"Churchill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21887","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-12033-y","article-title":"Stochastic convergence in carbon emissions based on a new Fourier-based wavelet unit root test","volume":"28","author":"Erdogan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2020.104893","article-title":"Heterogeneous effects of endogenous and foreign innovation on CO2 emissions stochastic convergence across China","volume":"91","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2020.104798","article-title":"Dynamics and drivers of per capita CO2 emissions in Asia","volume":"89","author":"Parker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2015.10.001","article-title":"Stochastic convergence in per capita CO2 emissions. An approach from nonlinear stationarity analysis","volume":"70","author":"Presno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2011.10.034","article-title":"CO2 weighted convergence across the EU-25 countries (1920-2007)","volume":"92","author":"Herrerias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2010.03.005","article-title":"Convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions in the EU: legend or reality?","volume":"32","author":"Jobert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2017.07.024","article-title":"Convergence or divergence? Understanding the global development trend of low-carbon technologies","volume":"109","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2019.05.004","article-title":"Understanding the trend of total factor carbon productivity in the world: insights from convergence analysis","volume":"81","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2019.05.017","article-title":"Convergence of European natural gas prices","volume":"81","author":"Bastianin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2019.04.009","article-title":"Quantiles via moments","volume":"213","author":"Machado","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib39","series-title":"EPOV Indicator Dashboard: Methodology Guidebook","author":"Thema","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib40","series-title":"World Development Indicators","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib41","author":"Omic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.2307\/2946651","article-title":"Growth empirics: a panel data approach","volume":"110","author":"Islam","year":"1995","journal-title":"Q. J. Econ."}],"container-title":["Energy Strategy Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211467X22000220?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211467X22000220?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:58:57Z","timestamp":1778846337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211467X22000220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S2211467X22000220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-467X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-467X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Heterogeneous effects of energy poverty convergence in Europe","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Energy Strategy Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esr.2022.100822","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100822"}}