{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:37:34Z","timestamp":1791279454317,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001406","name":"Ministry of New and Renewable Energy India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Energy Storage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T21:26:31Z","timestamp":1602797191000},"page":"101967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Internet of things based smart energy management in a vanadium redox flow battery storage integrated bio-solar microgrid"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Hiranmay","family":"Samanta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moumita","family":"Pramanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konika Das","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiranmay","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.3390\/en10121951","article-title":"Dynamic Equivalent Modeling of a Grid-Tied Microgrid Based on Characteristic Model and Measurement Data","volume":"10","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101229","article-title":"Optimal energy management in the smart microgrid considering the electrical energy storage system and the demand-side energy efficiency program","volume":"28","author":"Dorahaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2396992","article-title":"Optimal Power Dispatch of Multi-Microgrids at Future Smart Distribution Grids","volume":"6","author":"Nikmehr","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0004","first-page":"3028","article-title":"Microgrid Connection Management based on an Intelligent Connection Agent","volume":"36","author":"Rocabert","year":"2010","journal-title":"IECON"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2018.11.010","article-title":"Day ahead scheduling of generation and storage in a microgrid considering demand Side management","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0006","article-title":"Control Parameter Optimization for a Microgrid System Using Particle Swarm Optimization","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2019.100877","article-title":"A day-ahead optimal energy scheduling in a remote microgrid along with battery storage system via global best guided ABC algorithm","volume":"25","author":"Paliwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.04.025","article-title":"Optimal design and implementation of Solar PV-Wind-Biogas-VRFB storage integrated Smart Hybrid Microgrid for ensuring zero loss of power supply probability","volume":"191","author":"Sarkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101207","article-title":"From Uninterruptible Power Supply to resilient smart micro grid: the case of a battery storage at telecommunication station","volume":"28","author":"Ferraro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2019.101126","article-title":"an optimal programming among renewable energy resources and storage devices for responsive load integration in residential applications using hybrid of grey wolf and shark smell algorithms","volume":"27","author":"Seifi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0011","article-title":"Power control of hybrid energy systems with renewable sources (wind-photovoltaic) using switched systems strategy, Sustainable Energy","volume":"21","author":"Noghreian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Grids and Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2005.847249","article-title":"Designing the next generation of real time control, communication, and computations for large power systems","volume":"93","author":"Tomsovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2010.2055904","article-title":"Management and control of domestic smart Grid technology","volume":"1","author":"Molderink","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2007.914200","article-title":"Power management of a stand-alone wind\/photovoltaic\/fuel cell energy system","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Energy Convers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0015","article-title":"Day-ahead profit-based reconfigurable microgrid scheduling considering uncertain renewable generation and load demand in the presence of energy storage, J","volume":"28","author":"Hemmati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Storage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2010.03.019","article-title":"Controls for microgrids with storage: review challenges and research needs","author":"Zamora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0017","series-title":"IET Conf. on Renewable Power Generation","article-title":"Practical aspects of storage modeling in the framework of microgrid real time optimal control","author":"Hajimiragha","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.01.011","article-title":"Multi-agent based distributed control architecture for microgrid energy management and optimization","volume":"112","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2015.03.078","article-title":"Control technique for enhancing the stable operation of distributed generation units within a microgrid","volume":"97","author":"Mehrasa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2013.2294275","article-title":"Power Control and Management in a Hybrid AC\/DC Microgrid","volume":"5","author":"Eghtedarpour","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2373150","article-title":"Distributed Optimal Energy Management in Microgrids","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2005.847277","article-title":"Fuel Consumption Minimization of a Microgrid","volume":"41","author":"Hernandez-Aramburo","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industry App"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.10.084","article-title":"Integrated assessment of a sustainable microgrid for a remote village in hilly region","volume":"180","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.11.018","article-title":"Energy management of DC microgrid based on photovoltaic combined with diesel generator and supercapacitor","volume":"132","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.06.070","article-title":"Microgrid energy management in grid-connected and islanding modes based on SVC","volume":"86","author":"Gabbar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.10.067","article-title":"A local energy management of a hybrid PV-storage based distributed generation for microgrids","volume":"90","author":"Choudar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.04.072","article-title":"Smart power management algorithm in microgrid consisting of photovoltaic, diesel, and battery storage plants considering variations in sunlight, temperature, and load","volume":"84","author":"Koohi-Kamali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0028","article-title":"A survey of modelling and smart management tools for power grids with prolific distributed generation, Sustainable Energy","volume":"21","author":"Dkhili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Grids and Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2015.11.056","article-title":"Economic and environmental scheduling of smart homes with microgrid: DER operation and electrical tasks","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.07.005","article-title":"and Dynamic Control of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with Renewable Energy Sources for Power Loss Minimization","volume":"113","author":"Rahmani-Andebili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0031","series-title":"Cooperative Distributed Energy Scheduling in Microgrids","first-page":"235","author":"Rahmani-Andebili","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.06.088","article-title":"Development and validation of a real time flow control integrated MPPT charger for solar PV applications of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery","volume":"171","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0033","series-title":"On the Calculation of Energy Produced by a PV Grid-Connected System","first-page":"265","author":"Perpi\u00f1an","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2006.06.010","article-title":"A novel optimization sizing model for hybrid solar-wind power generation system","volume":"81","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0035","article-title":"Social SCADA and demand response for sustainable isolated microgrids","author":"Palma-Behnke","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.3390\/en11113102","article-title":"Internet of Things Platform for Energy Management in Multi-Microgrid System to Improve Neutral Current Compensation","volume":"11","author":"Moghimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0037","article-title":"IoT cloud-based distribution system state estimation: virtual objects and context-awareness","author":"Meloni","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE International Conference on Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2014.06.007","article-title":"Cloud computing for smart grid applications","volume":"70","author":"Yigit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02474","article-title":"Low-cost web-based Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system for a microgrid test bed: a case study in design and implementation for academic and research application","volume":"5","author":"Vargas-Salgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0040","first-page":"14","article-title":"A cloud-based smart metering infrastructure for distribution grid services and automation, Sustainable Energy","volume":"15","author":"Pau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Grids and Networks"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0041","first-page":"661","article-title":"Real Time Weather Analysis Using ThingSpeak","volume":"120","author":"Baraki","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0042","first-page":"13402","article-title":"Smart Community Monitoring System using Thingspeak IoT Platform","volume":"13","author":"Nettikadan","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Engineering Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3934\/ElectrEng.2020.1.57","article-title":"Design and implementation of a low-cost, open source IoT-based SCADA system using ESP32 with OLED, ThingsBoard and MQTT protocol","volume":"4","author":"Aghenta","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.24138\/jcomss.v14i4.604","article-title":"MQTT-Auth: a Token-based Solution to Endow MQTT with Authentication and Authorization Capabilities","volume":"14","author":"Calabretta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Communications Software and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.05.126","article-title":"Taking MQTT and NodeMcu to IOT: communication in Internet of Things","volume":"132","author":"Kashyap","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0046","first-page":"1","article-title":"MQTT security: A novel fuzzing approach","author":"Ramos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hindawi, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0047","first-page":"537","article-title":"Studies on Biogas Generation from Agricultural Waste; Analysis of the Effects of Alkaline on Gas Generation","volume":"9","author":"Ilaboya","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Appl. Sc. Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.3390\/en11071794","article-title":"Biogas Quality across Small-Scale Biogas Plants: a Case of Central Vietnam","volume":"11","author":"Roub\u00edk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2014.2369437","article-title":"A Vanadium-Redox-Flow-Battery Model for Evaluation of Distributed Storage Implementation in Residential Energy Systems","volume":"30","author":"D\u2018Agostino","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Energy Convers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2017.07.016","article-title":"Design and experimental validation of a generalized electrical equivalent model of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery for interfacing with Renewable energy sources","volume":"13","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"}],"container-title":["Journal of Energy Storage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352152X20318028?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352152X20318028?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T14:15:55Z","timestamp":1762438555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352152X20318028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S2352152X20318028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-152X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-152X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Internet of things based smart energy management in a vanadium redox flow battery storage integrated bio-solar microgrid","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Energy Storage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.est.2020.101967","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101967"}}