{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:16:01Z","timestamp":1783707361721,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1225,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["smoa.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vaginismus is poorly understood and relatively unknown among health care providers. For those who understand and treat vaginismus, few make an assessment of the severity of this condition. The importance of classifying the severity of vaginismus impacts the clinician\u2019s ability to diagnose and treat vaginismus, and understanding of the patient\u2019s experience.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aims of this paper are to identify the distinguishing features of severe grade 5 vaginismus, determine if vaginal spasm is present in severe grade vaginismus, and to establish qualifications for the Pacik grade 5 classification.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Assessment of 553 referred or self-referred women who were unable to tolerate intercourse completed a comprehensive pretreatment questionnaire. Of those women, 391 underwent a vaginal examination in a certified surgicenter using sedation and anesthesia as needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The main outcome measures were to detect the presence of a visceral reaction with an intended or actual gynecologic examination in Grade 5 patients, and to identify vaginal spasm on examination.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A visceral response reaction to routine gynecologic examinations, as well as spasm of the bulbocavernosum, occurred in patients with severe vaginismus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe vaginismus with visceral response manifestations to routine gynecologic examinations, inability to have intercourse, and spasm of the bulbocavernosum is newly defined as severe grade 5 vaginismus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2019.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T22:00:33Z","timestamp":1567029633000},"page":"489-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Case Series: Redefining Severe Grade 5 Vaginismus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Pacik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"28 Holiday Shore Drive , Dunbarton, NH, \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey R.","family":"Babb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine , Tulsa, 717 S. Houston Avenue, Suite 200, OK, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Obstetrics, and Gynecology , Tulsa, 717 S. Houston Avenue, Suite 200, OK, \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Polio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut School of Medicine , Farmington, 200 Academic Way, CT, \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig E.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut , Storrs, Beach Hall - Unit 2131, 354 Mansfield Road, CT, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Molecular and Cell Biology , Storrs, Beach Hall - Unit 2131, 354 Mansfield Road, CT, \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlie E.","family":"Goekeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine , Tulsa, 717 S. 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