{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T03:58:46Z","timestamp":1768795126537,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":825,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["smoa.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Worldwide, there are more lesbians who chose to have children in the context of a same-sex relationship than ever before. The Czech studies focusing on this issue, including the analysis of methods of conception, are limited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to examine the changes over time in the desire of Czech lesbian women for children and to analyze their chosen methods of conception.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed retrospectively the personal history of lesbian patients who visited our clinic in the period from 2009 to 2017. Our sample (n = 318) was divided into 2 groups: Group A \u2013 our patients between 2009 and 2013, whereas group B comprised our patients from 2013 to 2017.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The outcome of this study is comparing groups A and B, regarding factors associated to parenthood, such as desire to have a child and preferences in methods of conception.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We compared group A and group B and obtained the following results: The percentage of homosexual women who did not desire to have a child decreased (22.5% vs 15.6%). Regarding the changes in the preferences in methods of conception among group A and group B, the findings are as follows: a child from a previous relationship (31.2% vs 27.4%), clinically assisted reproduction with an anonymous donor (19.6% vs 30.1%), home intrauterine insemmination with a known donor (24.6% vs 19.2%), clinically assisted reproduction with a known donor (13.1% vs 9.6%), coitus outside the relationship for the purpose of a child conception (9.8% vs 5.5%), home intrauterine insemmination by sperm from an anonymous donor (1.6% vs 4.1%), assisted reproduction performed abroad was selected only in group B (2.7%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We confirm that the percentage of Czech lesbians who have a child or want to have a child has increased and that several variables regarding the desire for parenthood in the Czech lesbian community are changing over time (eg, methods of conception) mostly in concordance with other Western European countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Turcan P, Prochazka M, Prochazka P, et al. Desire for Parenthood and Associated Trends in Czech Lesbian Women. Sex Med 2020;8:650\u2013659.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2020.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T07:42:35Z","timestamp":1601538155000},"page":"650-659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Desire for Parenthood and Associated Trends in Czech Lesbian Women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Pavel","family":"Turcan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sexology and Andrology , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Centrum MEDIOL , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Prochazka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Palacky University , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Pokorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marital and Family Counseling , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Centrum MEDIOL , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Kvintova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Education , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Palacky University , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sigmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Baluo Application Centre , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Palacky University , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva Sedlata","family":"Juraskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Palacky University , Olomouc \u00a0 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib1","article-title":"Sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed minority","author":"Pechov\u00e1","year":"2005"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib2","first-page":"353","article-title":"Lesbians as parents","volume-title":"Textbook of homosexuality and mental health","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"1996"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3138\/9781442672741","article-title":"Caring for lesbian and gay people: a clinical guide","author":"Peterkin","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20401-3_13","article-title":"Activism for rainbow families in Hungary: discourses and omissions","volume-title":"LGBTQ+ activism in Central and Eastern Europe","author":"B\u00e9res-De\u00e1k","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib5","first-page":"39","article-title":"Specifics of lesbian motherhood in the Czech Republic","volume":"3","author":"Tur\u010dan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynekologie a porodnictv\u00ed"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/10894160.2010.530155","article-title":"Czech lesbian activism: gay and lesbian parental rights as a challenge to patriarchal marriage","volume":"15","author":"Fojtov\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Lesbian Stud"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib7","first-page":"41","article-title":"Zhe health care experiences of lesbian women becoming mothers","volume":"22","author":"Gregg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs Wonens Health"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lesbick\u00e9 \u017eeny a mate\u0159stv\u00ed","volume":"6","author":"Proch\u00e1zka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Modern\u00ed babictv\u00ed"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib9","article-title":"Lesbian motherhood. Gender, families and sexual citizenship","author":"Ryan-Flood","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib10","first-page":"81","article-title":"A co d\u011bti?...: gay a lesbick\u00e9 rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed","volume-title":"ABC feminismu","author":"Sokolov\u00e1","year":"2004"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib11","article-title":"Rovnost a diskriminace [Equality and discrimination]","author":"Bobek","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib12","first-page":"40","article-title":"Lesbian parenting: issues, strengths and challenges","volume":"63","author":"McNair","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fam Matters"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib13","first-page":"9","article-title":"The status of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex rights in the Czech Republic\u2013A shadow report","author":"Pechova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glob Rights IGLHRC and IGLHRC to the UN Human Rights Committee"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib14","article-title":"Dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed a (homo) sexualita","author":"Sloboda","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib15","article-title":"Pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 lesbick\u00e1 rodina. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty p\u0159echodu k rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed","author":"Pol\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e1","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-35610-1_2","article-title":"Lesbian-mother families formed through donor insemination","volume-title":"LGBTQ-parent families","author":"Bos","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib17","article-title":"The complete lesbian & gay parenting guide","author":"Lev","year":"2004"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib18","article-title":"Rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed gay a lesbick\u00fdch p\u00e1r\u016f","author":"Freibergerov\u00e1","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1350506819887765","article-title":"Negotiations between possibilities and reality: reproductive choises of families of choise in Poland","author":"Mizieli\u0144ska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Womens Stud"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-016-0268-3","article-title":"To have or not to have a children? That is the question. Factors influencing parentel decisions among lesbians and gay men","volume":"14","author":"Gato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Res Soc Policy"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.04.041","article-title":"Prevalence of polycystis ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome in lesbian women compared with heterosexual women","volume":"82","author":"Agrawal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib22","article-title":"Mimot\u011bln\u00ed oplodn\u011bn\u00ed: Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost l\u00e9\u010dby","author":"Marde\u0161i\u0107","year":"1998"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.13.1767","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of female infertility","volume":"290","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib24","first-page":"100","article-title":"LGBT couples and families with children","volume-title":"The Fenway guide to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health","author":"Fein-Zachary","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib25","article-title":"Socio-demografick\u00e1 homogamie sezdan\u00fdch a nesezdan\u00fdch p\u00e1r\u016f","author":"Kohoutov\u00e1","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib26","article-title":"\u00dastavn\u00ed soud \u010cR"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib27","article-title":"Anal\u00fdza situace lesbic\u00e9, gay, bisexu\u00e1ln\u00ed a transgenger men\u0161iny v \u010cR","author":"\u00da\u0159ad Vl\u00e1dy","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.11.006","article-title":"Shared motherhood IVF: high delivery rates in a large study of treatments for lesbian couples using partner-donatd eggs","volume":"36","author":"Bodri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod BioMedicine Online"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib29","article-title":"Homoparentalita z pohledu gay a lesbick\u00e9 komunity","author":"H\u00e1jkov\u00e1","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib30","article-title":"Fenom\u00e9n bezd\u011btnosti","author":"Ha\u0161kov\u00e1","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684319863414","article-title":"\u201cNever say never?\u201d heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian women\u2019s accounts of being childfree","volume":"43","author":"Hayfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Women Q"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1177\/1363460717718510","article-title":"Unsettling lesbian motherhood: critical reflections over a generation (1990-2015)","volume":"21","author":"Gabb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sexualities"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20267-5_8","article-title":"\u201cThe most radical, most exciting, and most challenging role of my life\u201d: lesbian motherhood in Australia 1945-1990","volume-title":"Australian mothering","author":"Jennings","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.40.1.l27rv67851784v8l","article-title":"Lesbianism and motherhood: implications for child kustody","volume":"40","author":"Lewin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hum Organ"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12162","article-title":"Why donor insemination and not adoption? Narratives of female-partnered and single mothers","volume":"64","author":"Goldberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fam Relat"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/1552-6909.12270","article-title":"Experiences of preconception, pregnancy, and new motherhood for lesbian non-biological mothers","volume":"43","author":"Wojnar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.04007.x","article-title":"The experiences of Australian lesbian couples becoming parents: deciding, searching and birthing","volume":"21","author":"Chapman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib38","first-page":"151","article-title":"Prom\u011bny sou\u010dasn\u00e9 rodiny s mal\u00fdmi d\u011btmi","volume-title":"D\u011bti, ml\u00e1de\u017e a rodiny v obdob\u00ed transformace","author":"Lacinov\u00e1","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib39","first-page":"159","article-title":"Hodnota d\u00edt\u011bte","volume-title":"D\u011bti, ml\u00e1de\u017e a rodiny v obdob\u00ed transformace","author":"Mare\u0161","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib40","article-title":"Dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed psychick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje","author":"West","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2014.921801","article-title":"Lesbian women choosing motherhood: the journey to conception","volume":"11","author":"Hayman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J GLBT Fam Stud"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-018-0350-0","article-title":"Gender fundamentalism and heteronormativity in the political discussion about lesbian and gay parenthood","volume":"16","author":"Lasio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Res Soc Policy"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19752-4_9","article-title":"LGBT parenting","volume-title":"Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender healthcare","author":"Harris","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14449","article-title":"Lesbian and bisexual women\u2019s likelihood of becoming pregnant: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"124","author":"Hodson","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.13060\/00380288.2009.45.1.06","article-title":"Otec, otec a d\u00edt\u011b: gay mu\u017ei a rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed","volume":"45","author":"Sokolov\u00e1","year":"2009","journal-title":"Czech Sociol Rev"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib46","article-title":"Homoparent\u00e1ln\u00ed rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed. Plze\u0148: Z\u00e1pado\u010desk\u00e1 Univerzita v Plzni, Diplomov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce","author":"Kub\u00ednov\u00e1","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib47","first-page":"81","article-title":"Lesbian and gay parenting","volume-title":"Lesbian and gay psychology: new perspectives","author":"Tasker","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib48","article-title":"LGBT pr\u00e1va v \u010cesku","author":"Wikipedie"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib49","first-page":"20","article-title":"Bari\u00e9ry versus preferovan\u00e9 formy rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed u neheterosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed populace","volume":"6","author":"Ma\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"F\u00f3rum soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-35610-1_20","article-title":"LGBTQ-parent families in non-western contexts","volume-title":"LGBTQ-parent families","author":"Costa","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib51","article-title":"Pink parenthood: an exploration of lesbian parenting in The Netherlands","author":"Ladner","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023012006332278700_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3917\/dia.215.0021","article-title":"L\u2019invention du \u00ab faire famille \u00bb du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019enfant en situation de co-homoparentalit\u00e9 \u00bb","volume":"215","author":"Gratton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dialogue"}],"container-title":["Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2050116120301148?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2050116120301148?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smoa\/article-pdf\/8\/4\/650\/48791721\/smoa_8_4_650.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smoa\/article-pdf\/8\/4\/650\/48791721\/smoa_8_4_650.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T06:34:01Z","timestamp":1674196441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smoa\/article\/8\/4\/650\/6956645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esxm.2020.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-1161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-1161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Desire for Parenthood and Associated Trends in Czech Lesbian Women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sexual Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esxm.2020.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the International Society for Sexual Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}