{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T04:42:31Z","timestamp":1768279351606,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":726,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["smoa.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sexual disorders are the most neglected nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although doctors seek greater priority to motor manifestations, which are the basis for the diagnosis of PD, the nonmotor symptoms deserve to be highlighted as much as the motor problems because of their strong presence and discomfort in the patients, causing the important impairment in the quality of life (QoL) of the individual with PD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Provide the prevalence of sexual disorders among patients with PD and alert the medical profession to investigate and be familiar with problems related to QoL and sexual disorders in PD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is a large literature review on sexual disorders in PD and impaired QoL.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sexual disorders in PD and prevalence between genders have been described in epidemiological studies. Neuroanatomy, pathophysiology, risk factors, QoL, and etiologies were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The estimate of the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in the form of compulsive sexual behavior in PD is higher in men by 5.2% than in women by 0.5%. This diagnosis is a determinant of intense and persistent suffering and is related to several health problems of a social, economic, personal, family, psychological, and occupational nature, which can even culminate in sexual abuse. It is most commonly associated with the use of drugs commonly used in PD therapy in 98.1% of cases. In addition to this serious public health problem, another common condition of sexual dysfunction occur with the decreased libido by loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine proper of the pathophysiology of PD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The presence of sexual disorders in PD should be tracked and monitored because of its harmful consequences, whether due to increased sexual behavior or associated psychological distress, as well as the impacts on QoL. Early recognition and adequate treatment of PD in its fullness and richness of associated symptoms are essential for improving QoL.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2020.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T20:27:51Z","timestamp":1610483271000},"page":"100280-100280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Sexual Disorders and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Claudia Marques","family":"Santa Rosa Malcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology and Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Par\u00e1 , Bel\u00e9m, PA , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kleber","family":"Roberto da Silva Gon\u00e7alves Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Federal University of Par\u00e1 , Bel\u00e9m, PA , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milena Coelho","family":"Fernandes Caldato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Par\u00e1 University Center (CESUPA) , Bel\u00e9m, PA , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Lopes dos Santos Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology and Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Par\u00e1 , Bel\u00e9m, PA , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janari","family":"da Silva Pedroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Federal University of Par\u00e1 , BelPar\u00e9m, PA , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"de Tubino Scanavino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010721333257500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(96)00020-X","article-title":"Sexuality and Parkinson's disease","volume":"2","author":"Basson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2023010721333257500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.05.019","article-title":"Sexual dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease: an underrated problem in a muchdiscussed disorder","volume":"134","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"2023010721333257500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00402","article-title":"Visual sexual stimuli\u2014cue or reward? 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