{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:23:03Z","timestamp":1791890583602,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":454,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Foundation of HwaMei Hospital, University Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences","award":["2018HMKY26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018HMKY26"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of HwaMei Hospital, University Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences","award":["2019HMZD11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019HMZD11"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014759","name":"Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020KY832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KY832"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007834","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019A610305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A610305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ningbo Public Service Technology Foundation, China","award":["202002N3154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202002N3154"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["smoa.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Perimenopausal women with pelvic floor dysfunction have worse sexual function than women with functional pelvic floor muscle (PFM), especially in terms of libido, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and total Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To explore the relationship between pelvic floor muscle function, hormone levels and sexual function in perimenopausal women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 252 women aged 40\u201355 without pelvic floor disease with FSFI, pelvic floor muscle strength and the hormone levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The principle aim was to determine the relationships between sexual dysfunction, PFM strength, and hormone levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the functional PFM group, the proportion of menopausal hormone therapy was higher. The proportion of overweight in the dysfunctional PFM group was higher, and had more sexual desire disorder, more orgasm disorder, lower sexual satisfaction, and poor FSFI scores. The correlation between PFM strength, sexual function and female sex hormones suggested that PFM strength and libido, sexual satisfaction and FSFI score are significantly positively correlated, while PFM strength and sexual arousal disorder and vaginal lubricity had a positive correlation. In the multivariate analysis of the risk of sexual dysfunction among perimenopausal women, the higher the PFM strength, the lower the risk of sexual dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Perimenopausal women with pelvic floor dysfunction have worse sexual function than women with functional PFM, especially in obese women, those with central adiposity, and not using hormone replacement therapy. The PFM strength was weakly positively correlated with sexual arousal, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and FSFI score.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2021.100441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T13:40:49Z","timestamp":1633786849000},"page":"100441-100441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The Relationship Between Pelvic Floor Function and Sexual Function in Perimenopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuhan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0436-3","article-title":"Female suxual dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Aslan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181898cdb","article-title":"Sexual problems and distress in United States women: Prevalence and correlates","volume":"112","author":"Shifren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/713847100","article-title":"Validation of the female sexual function index (FSFI) in women with female orgasmic disorder and in women with hypoactive sexual desire discorder","volume":"29","author":"Meston","year":"2003","journal-title":"J sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67828-7","article-title":"Report of the international consensus development conference on female sexual dysfunction: Definitions and classifications","volume":"163","author":"Basson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.360","article-title":"Assessment of the effect of pelvic floor exercises on pelvic floor musclestrength using ultrasonography in patients with urinary incontinence: A prospectiverandomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Tosun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Phy Ther Sci"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11669.x","article-title":"The prevalence of pelvic floor disorders and their relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivery","volume":"107","author":"MacLennan","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136265","article-title":"Local oestrogen for pelvic floor disorders: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Weber","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.269","article-title":"Evaluation of female pelvic-floor muscle function and strength","volume":"85","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2554-z","article-title":"Vaginal estrogen use in postmenopausal women with pelvic floor disorders: Systematic review and practice guidelines","volume":"26","author":"Rahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.08.008","article-title":"The female pelvic floor through midlife and aging","volume":"76","author":"Mannella","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.11.1311","article-title":"Pelvic floor disorders network. Prevalence of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in US women","volume":"300","author":"Nygaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2503-x","article-title":"How well can levator ani muscle morphology on 3D pelvic floor ultrasound predict the levator ani muscle function?","volume":"26","author":"Rostaminia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278597","article-title":"The female sexual function index (FSFI): A multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function","volume":"26","author":"Rosen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2009001100004","article-title":"Construct validity of a portuguese version of the female sexual function index","volume":"25","author":"Pacagnella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02171.x","article-title":"Development and validation of Chinese version of female sexual function index in a Chinese population-a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130802607727","article-title":"Assessment of sexuality among middle-aged women using the female sexual function index","volume":"12","author":"Chedraui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.537","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and predictors","volume":"281","author":"Iauman","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib18","first-page":"1389","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with female sexual dysfunction in Beijing, China","volume":"130","author":"Lou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Med J(Engl)"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib19","first-page":"229","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction among Chinese nurses: Prevalence and predictors","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2016.1266039","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional single-centre study among turkish patient","volume":"20","author":"Tuncel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Fertil(Camb)"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.08.012","article-title":"A population-based epidemiologic study of female sexual dysfunction risk in mainland China: Prevalence and predictors","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11689.x","article-title":"Women's sexual health after childbirth","volume":"107","author":"Barrett","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230590475206","article-title":"The female sexual function index (FSFI): Cross-validation and development of clinical cutoff scores","volume":"31","author":"Wiegel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9287-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the female sexual function index in a population based sample from Finland","volume":"37","author":"Witting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2008.03.006","article-title":"Female sexual function and dysfunction","volume":"35","author":"Kammerer-Doak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12379","article-title":"Women with greater pelvic floor muscle strength have better sexual function","volume":"93","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.05.015","article-title":"Degree of bother from pelvic floor dysfunction in women one year after first delivery","volume":"191","author":"Lipschuetz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01419.x","article-title":"Female urinary incontinence, from pregnancy to menopause: A review of epidemiological and pathophysiological findings","volume":"91","author":"Fritel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.02.053","article-title":"Are sexual activity and satisfaction affected by pelvic floor disorders? Analysis of community-based survey","volume":"197","author":"Lukacz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31816bbe85","article-title":"Female sexual function and pelvic floor disorders","volume":"111","author":"Handa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.07.020","article-title":"Update on management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A practical guide","volume":"82","author":"Palacios","year":"2015","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0b013e3182a122c2","article-title":"Management of symptomatic vulvovaginal atrophy: 2013 position statement of The North American Menopause Society","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib33","first-page":"635","article-title":"Subjective and objective outcomes of botulinum toxin type A treatment in vestibulodynia: pilot data","volume":"51","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2331-z","article-title":"Do women notice the impact of childbirth-related levator trauma on pelvic floor and sexual function? Results of an observational ultrasound study","volume":"25","author":"Thibault-Gagnon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"2023012007513204500_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20162","article-title":"Pelvic floor electromyography in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A case-control study","volume":"25","author":"Hetrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"}],"container-title":["Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2050116121001215?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2050116121001215?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smoa\/article-pdf\/9\/6\/100441\/48793606\/smoa_9_6_100441.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smoa\/article-pdf\/9\/6\/100441\/48793606\/smoa_9_6_100441.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T07:54:51Z","timestamp":1674201291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smoa\/article\/9\/6\/100441\/6956814"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esxm.2021.100441","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-1161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-1161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Relationship Between Pelvic Floor Function and Sexual Function in Perimenopausal Women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sexual Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esxm.2021.100441","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the International Society for Sexual Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}