{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:47:15Z","timestamp":1785296835830,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Fund of Istanbul University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T06:40:41Z","timestamp":1464849641000},"page":"170-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Betaine treatment decreased oxidative stress, inflammation, and stellate cell activation in rats with alcoholic liver fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"\u0130lknur","family":"Bing\u00fcl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canan","family":"Ba\u015faran-K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckgergin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.Fatih","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jale","family":"\u00c7oban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u015f\u0131n","family":"Do\u011fan-Ekici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semra","family":"Do\u011fru-Abbaso\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00fcjdat","family":"Uysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1159\/000324280","article-title":"Animal models of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Arteel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1078\/0940-2993-00347","article-title":"The effect of betaine treatment on triglyceride levels and oxidative stress in the liver of ethanol-treated guinea pigs","volume":"55","author":"Balkan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200509000-00006","article-title":"The effect of taurine or betaine pretreatment on hepatotoxicity and prooxidant status induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment in the liver of rats","volume":"17","author":"Balkan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0020","first-page":"377","article-title":"Inflammation and MMPs in alcohol-induced liver diseases and protective action of antioxidants","volume":"50","author":"Banerjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292","article-title":"The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of 'antioxidant power': the FRAP assay","volume":"239","author":"Benzie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60205a053","article-title":"Two improved and simplified methods for the spectrophotometric determination of hydroxyproline","volume":"35","author":"Bergman","year":"1963","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0035","first-page":"882","article-title":"Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione","volume":"61","author":"Beutler","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.02.015","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of S-adenosyl-methionine in Fe2+ initiated oxidations","author":"Caro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med. 36"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.02.001","article-title":"Betaine chemistry: roles and potential use in liver disease","volume":"1860","author":"Day","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-004-0105-5","article-title":"Betaine or taurine administration prevents fibrosis and lipid peroxidation induced by rat liver by ethanol plus carbontetrachloride intoxication","volume":"27","author":"Erman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01472.x","article-title":"A new model of interactive effects of alcohol and high-fat diet on hepatic fibrosis","volume":"35","author":"Gabele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.07.006","article-title":"Grading and staging systems for inflammation and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases","volume":"47","author":"Goodman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(81)77053-8","article-title":"Assays for differentiation of glutathione s-transferases","volume":"77","author":"Habig","year":"1981","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130246","article-title":"Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Hernandez-Gea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0080","first-page":"G1186","article-title":"Female rats exhibit greater susceptibility to early alcohol-induced liver injury than males","volume":"272","author":"Iimuro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.08.049","article-title":"Alleviation of alcoholic liver injury by betaine involves an enhancement of antioxidant defense via regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism","volume":"62","author":"Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2008.09.021","article-title":"Alleviation of dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury and fibrosis by betaine supplementation in rats","volume":"177","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(76)90747-6","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium\u2013deficient rat liver","volume":"71","author":"Lawrence","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(86)90286-3","article-title":"Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and other parameters of copper status in rats ingesting lead acetate","volume":"82","author":"Mylorie","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810490502069","article-title":"Early phase alcoholic liver disease: an update on animal models, pathology and pathogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Ramaiah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intern. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(94)33041-7","article-title":"Oxidative damage to proteins: spectrophotometric method for carbonyl assay","volume":"233","author":"Reznick","year":"1994","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.2158","article-title":"Green tea extract therapy diminishes hepatic fibrosis mediated by dual exposure to carbon tetrachloride and ethanol: a histopathological study","volume":"9","author":"Safer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp.Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(85)90442-7","article-title":"Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid","volume":"150","author":"Smith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12182","article-title":"Probucol attenuates ethanol-induced liver fibrosis in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress, extracellular matrix protein accumulation and cytokine production","volume":"41","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0135","first-page":"87","article-title":"Focus on Alcohol and the liver","volume":"33","author":"Szabo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725379","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/725379","article-title":"Alleviation of carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrosis by betaine supplementation in chickens","volume":"2015","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2005.187","article-title":"Betaine: a key modulator of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine status","volume":"43","author":"Ueland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00107-0","article-title":"Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein assay using microplate reader","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G634","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00249.2009","article-title":"Betaine improved adipose tissue function in mice fed a high-fat diet: a mechanism for hepatoprotective effect of betaine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"298","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033_bib0160","series-title":"Worthington Enzyme Manual: Enzymes and Related Biochemicals","first-page":"77","article-title":"Catalase","author":"Worthington","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668916301387?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668916301387?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T20:02:33Z","timestamp":1656619353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1382668916301387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S1382668916301387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-6689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-6689","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Betaine treatment decreased oxidative stress, inflammation, and stellate cell activation in rats with alcoholic liver fibrosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}