{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:39:37Z","timestamp":1792564777242,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T19:09:43Z","timestamp":1512760183000},"page":"115-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":498,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antifouling processes and toxicity effects of antifouling paints on marine environment. A review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Intissar","family":"Amara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafa","family":"Miled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rihab Ben","family":"Slama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neji","family":"Ladhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3354\/meps123301","article-title":"Biotechnological investigation for the prevention of biofouling. 1. Biological and biochemical principles for the prevention of biofouling","volume":"123","author":"Abarzua","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2007.01.017","article-title":"Marine paints: the particular case of antifouling paints","volume":"59","author":"Almeida","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coatings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0015","first-page":"305","article-title":"Evaluation des risques dus a l\u2019emploi des peintures anti-salissures dansales zones conchylicoles","volume":"44","author":"Alzieu","year":"1980","journal-title":"Rev. des Trav. l\u2019Institut des Pech. Marit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-326X(86)90636-3","article-title":"Tin contamination in Arcachon Bay: effects on oyster shell anomalies","volume":"17","author":"Alzieu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00510-6","article-title":"Environmental impact of TBT: the french experience","volume":"258","author":"Alzieu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2007.09.005","article-title":"Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure to tributyltin (TBT)-contaminated marine environment. A review","volume":"34","author":"Antizar-Ladislao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(76)90007-0","article-title":"A mycosis caused by Lagenidium sp. in laboratory-reared larvae of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, and possible chemical treatments","volume":"28","author":"Armstrong","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-005-1057-9","article-title":"Effects of three antifouling agents on algal communities and algal reproduction: mixture toxicity studies with TBT, irgarol, and sea-nine","volume":"345","author":"Arrhenius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2008.03.041","article-title":"Synergistic toxic effects of zinc pyrithione and copper to three marine species: implications on setting appropriate water quality criteria","volume":"57","author":"Bao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2011.02.041","article-title":"Acute toxicities of five commonly used antifouling booster biocides to selected subtropical and cosmopolitan marine species","volume":"62","author":"Bao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2005.01.003","article-title":"Influence of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) on acute and chronic toxicity of the pesticides chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and fipronil on the meiobenthic estuarine copepod Amphiascus tenuiremis","volume":"321","author":"Bejarano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.01.028","article-title":"Comparative toxicity of alternative antifouling biocides on embryos and larvae of marine invertebrates","volume":"367","author":"Bellas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00396.x","article-title":"Physico-chemistry of initial microbial adhesive interactions-its mechanisms and methods for study","volume":"23","author":"Bos","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(00)00021-7","article-title":"Inputs, monitoring and fate modelling of antifouling biocides in UK estuaries","volume":"40","author":"Boxall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00387151","article-title":"Effect of zinc on the settlement of the oyster Crassostrea gigas","volume":"31","author":"Boyden","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2005.01.015","article-title":"The toxicity of Irgarol 1051 and Sea-Nine 211 to the non-target macroalga Fucus serratus Linnaeus, with the aid of an image capture and analysis system","volume":"322","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0085","series-title":"Identification et caract\u00e9risation des exopolym\u00e8res de biofilms de bact\u00e9ries marines","author":"Brian-Jaisson","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0090","series-title":"Goodman & Gilman\u2019s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Brunton","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00367984","article-title":"Toxicity of heavy metals to embryos of American oyster crassostrea virginica","volume":"18","author":"Calabrese","year":"1973","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0964-8305(94)90092-2","article-title":"The influence of low surface energy materials on bioadhesion-a review","volume":"34","author":"Callow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0105","first-page":"123","article-title":"Ship fouling: problems and solutions","author":"Callow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chem. Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1993.tb01587.x","article-title":"Biofilms and their consequences, with particular reference to hygiene in the food industry","author":"Carpentier","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Appl. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0115","series-title":"Oceans \u201987","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Tributyltin antifouling paints: introduction and overview","author":"Champ","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00506-4","article-title":"A review of organotin regulatory strategies, pending actions, related costs and benefits","volume":"258","author":"Champ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260230902","article-title":"Bioengineering report: fouling biofilm development: a process analysis","volume":"23","author":"Characklis","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2007.11.010","article-title":"Toxic effects of new antifouling compounds on tunicate haemocytes. I. Sea-Nine 211\u2122 and chlorothalonil","volume":"86","author":"Cima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0135","series-title":"La Chimie et La Mer.","first-page":"207","article-title":"La chimie \u00e0 l \u2019assaut des biosalissures","author":"Comp\u00e8re","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0426.2001.00314.x","article-title":"The control of chemicals used in aquaculture in Europe","volume":"17","author":"Costello","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ichthyol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620190234","article-title":"What level of effect is a no observed effect?","volume":"19","author":"Crane","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/08927019909378386","article-title":"An investigation into the composition, biomass and oxygen budget of the fouling community on a tuna aquaculture farm","volume":"13","author":"Cronin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2011.01.012","article-title":"Antifouling strategies: history and regulation, ecological impacts and mitigation","volume":"62","author":"Dafforn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-445X(85)90038-4","article-title":"The toxicology and metabolism of chlorothalonil in fish. I. Lethal levels for Salmo gairdneri, Galaxias maculatus, G. truttaceus and G. auratus and the fate of 14C-TCIN in S. gairdneri","volume":"7","author":"Davies","year":"1985","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620130816","article-title":"Sublethal responses to perticides of several species of Australian freshwater fish and crustaceans and rainbow trout","volume":"13","author":"Davies","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2012.05.011","article-title":"Comparative risk assessment of permethrin, chlorothalonil, and diuron to coastal aquatic species","volume":"64","author":"DeLorenzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-6513(02)00008-8","article-title":"Acute toxicity effects of tributyltin chloride and triphenyltin chloride on gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., embryos","volume":"54","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0180","first-page":"155","article-title":"Bacterial adhesion: seen any good bio lms lately?","volume":"15","author":"Dunne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1357\/002224001321237371","article-title":"Performance of cages as large animal-exclusion devices in the deep sea","volume":"59","author":"Eckman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mar. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01055550","article-title":"The toxicity of chlorothalonil to aquatic fauna and the impact of its operational use on a pond ecosystem","volume":"21","author":"Ernst","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(99)00248-9","article-title":"The TBT ban: out of the frying pan into the fire?","volume":"40","author":"Evans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-445X(91)90013-Y","article-title":"Bioconcentration and elimination of tributyltin chloride by embryos and larvae of minnows Phoxinus phoxinus","volume":"20","author":"Fent","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-007-9330-2","article-title":"Analysis of microbial community during biofilm development in an anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor","volume":"56","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2002.221","article-title":"Toxicity of single and mixed contaminants in seawater measured with acute toxicity bioassays","volume":"2","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Alba","year":"2002","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0215","first-page":"124","article-title":"On the elective molluscicidal action of cuprous oxide, metallic copper and cuprous chloride","volume":"57","author":"Floch","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1006\/jema.1996.0097","article-title":"Salmon farming in context: response to black et al","volume":"50","author":"Folke","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0225","article-title":"Irgarol 1051 in antifouling paints","volume":"14","author":"Geigy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tech. Inf. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400048414","article-title":"Reproductive failure in populations of the dog-whelk, Nucella lapillus, caused by imposex induced by tributyltin from antifouling paints","volume":"66","author":"Gibbs","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1998.3944","article-title":"Embryotoxicity of zinc pyrithione, an antidandruff chemical, in fish","volume":"81","author":"Goka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13021541","article-title":"Risks of using antifouling biocides in aquaculture","volume":"13","author":"Guardiola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0245","first-page":"367","article-title":"An ecological risk assessment for the use of Irgarol 1051 as an algaecide for antifoulant paints","volume":"29","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2008.12.019","article-title":"Ecological risk of Irgarol 1051 and its major metabolite in coastal California marinas and reference areas","volume":"58","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(02)00318-X","article-title":"Developmental regulation of microbial biofilms","volume":"13","author":"Hall-Stoodley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0260","series-title":"Fouling Science and Technology","first-page":"125","article-title":"Aspects of cell adhesion","author":"Harbron","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(03)00348-8","article-title":"Combined toxicity effects of MTBE and pesticides measured with Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna bioassays","volume":"37","author":"Hernando","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0739(199802)12:2<109::AID-AOC675>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Toxicity andaccumulation of tributyltin chloride on tilapia","volume":"12","author":"Hongxia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Organomet. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60207a002","article-title":"Organotin compounds","volume":"60","author":"Ingham","year":"1960","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00511-8","article-title":"Sea-nine antifoulant: an environmentally acceptable alternative to organotin antifoulants","volume":"258","author":"Jacobson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0285","article-title":"Variable toxicity of chlorothalonil and its metabolite to mammals, aves and aquatic species. Poster Presentation","author":"Jones","year":"1983","journal-title":"4th Annual Setae Meeting"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2006.06.007","article-title":"A practical ranking system to compare toxicity of anti-fouling paints","volume":"52","author":"Karlsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1081\/PFC-120023512","article-title":"Lethal and sub-lethal effects of the fungicide chlorothalonil on three life stages of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio","volume":"38","author":"Key","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/03601230701734865","article-title":"Effects of the anti-fouling herbicide Irgarol 1051 on two life stages of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio","volume":"43","author":"Key","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/03601230902801083","article-title":"Lethal and sublethal effects of simvastatin, irgarol, and PBDE-47 on the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus","volume":"44","author":"Key","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00176-4","article-title":"Worldwide occurrence and effects of antifouling paint booster biocides in the aquatic environment: a review","volume":"30","author":"Konstantinou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20202","article-title":"The interactive effects of binary mixtures of three antifouling biocides and three heavy metals against the marine algae chaetoceros gracilis","volume":"21","author":"Koutsaftis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.07.023","article-title":"Toxicity of four antifouling biocides and their mixtures on the brine shrimp Artemia salina","volume":"387","author":"Koutsaftis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(98)00060-9","article-title":"Significance of microbial biofilms in food industry: a review","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2005.02.036","article-title":"Toxicity of antifouling biocides to the intertidal harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus (Crustacea, Copepoda): effects of temperature and salinity","volume":"51","author":"Kwok","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.2001.2113","article-title":"Toxicity of 40 herbicides to the green alga Chlorella vulgaris","volume":"51","author":"Ma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0340","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology","article-title":"Biofouling in the marine environment","author":"Maki","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-004-0167-0","article-title":"Toxic effects of Irgarol and Diuron on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus early development, fertilization, and offspring quality","volume":"51","author":"Manzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2004.05.006","article-title":"Seasonal variations in the effect of zinc pyrithione and copper pyrithione on pelagic phytoplankton communities","volume":"69","author":"Maraldo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-68-3-337","article-title":"Mechanism of the initial events in the sorption of marine bacteria to surfaces","volume":"68","author":"Marshall","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0360","series-title":"Acute toxicity handbook of chemicals to estuarine organisms","author":"Mayer","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0365","series-title":"The microbial ecology of marine surfaces. Mar. Biodeterior. An Interdiscip. Study","first-page":"49","author":"Mitchell","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1897\/05-688R.1","article-title":"Acute toxicity of pyrithione antifouling biocides and joint toxicity with copper to red sea bream (Pagrus major) and toy shrimp (Heptacarpus futilirostris)","volume":"25","author":"Mochida","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0375","first-page":"105","article-title":"Toxicity of 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3 2H-isothiazolone Sea-Nine 211 to two marine teleostean fishes","volume":"13","author":"Mochida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Japanese J. Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0380","first-page":"06105A00","article-title":"Chlorothalonil","author":"Montforts","year":"1999","journal-title":"CSR Advis. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.31.060180.003121","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of herbicides","volume":"31","author":"Moreland","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00101","article-title":"Fish farming and anti-fouling paints: a potential source of Cu and Zn in farmed fish","volume":"5","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquac. Environ. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00095-6","article-title":"Fate and ecotoxicity of the new antifouling compound Irgarol 1051 in the aquatic environment","volume":"34","author":"Okamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(01)00204-1","article-title":"Toxicity evaluation of new antifouling compounds using suspension-cultured fish cells","volume":"46","author":"Okamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.396","article-title":"Organotin antifouling paints and their alternatives","volume":"17","author":"Omae","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Organomet. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-007-0234-4","article-title":"Bacterial cell attachment, the beginning of a biofilm","volume":"34","author":"Palmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(00)00556-1","article-title":"Surface flocking as a possible anti-biofoulant","volume":"195","author":"Phillippi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0420","series-title":"Concevoir des structures pour l\u2019\u00e9levage des poissons en mer","author":"Priour","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2006.03.009","article-title":"Influence of light in acute toxicity bioassays of imidacloprid and zinc pyrithione to zooplankton crustaceans","volume":"78","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Bayo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(96)00187-7","article-title":"Occurrence of the marine antifouling agent irgarol 1051 within the plymouth sound locality: implications for the green macroalga Enteromorpha intestinalis","volume":"34","author":"Scarlett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0435","series-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Second Volume","first-page":"28","article-title":"Ecological risk assessment of a novel marine antifoulant","author":"Shade","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-6513(02)00073-8","article-title":"Comparative toxicity of Chlorothalonil: Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas","volume":"56","author":"Sherrard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.459","article-title":"Environmental impact of antifouling technologies: state of the art and perspectives","volume":"317","author":"Terlizzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/08927010109378466","article-title":"The environmental fate and behaviour of antifouling paint booster biocides: a review","volume":"17","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/08927010009386308","article-title":"Pyrithiones as antifoulants: environmental chemistry and preliminary risk assessment","volume":"15","author":"Turley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/08927010500044351","article-title":"Pyrithiones as antifoulants: environmental fate and loss of toxicity","volume":"21","author":"Turley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0739(199903)13:3<135::AID-AOC831>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Alternative antifouling biocides","volume":"13","author":"Voulvoulis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Organomet. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0470","series-title":"Antifouling Paint Biocides","first-page":"155","article-title":"Antifouling paint booster biocides: occurrence and partitioning in water and sediments","author":"Voulvoulis","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3354\/meps058175","article-title":"Marine epibiosis. I. Fouling and antifouling: some basic aspects","volume":"58","author":"Wahl","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0480","series-title":"Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean: Biology and Control Technology","first-page":"31","article-title":"Living attached: aufwuchs, fouling, epibiosis","author":"Wahl","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2004.03.012","article-title":"A review of biofilms and their role in microbial contamination of dental unit water systems (DUWS)","volume":"54","author":"Walker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.440","article-title":"Toxicity evaluation of single and mixed antifouling biocides using the Strongylocentrotus intermedius sea urchin embryo test","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.02.066","article-title":"Bioassays and selected chemical analysis of biocide-free antifouling coatings","volume":"60","author":"Watermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0500","series-title":"Designing Safer Chemicals","first-page":"224","article-title":"Designing and environmentally safe marine antifoulant","author":"Willingham","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327110385958","article-title":"Acute toxicity and synergism of binary mixtures of antifouling biocides with heavy metals to embryos of sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0510","series-title":"Antifouling Paint Biocides","first-page":"213","article-title":"Toxicity and preliminary risk assessment of alternative antifouling biocides to aquatic organisms","author":"Yamada","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2003.06.001","article-title":"Antifouling technology\u2014past, present and future steps towards efficient and environmentally friendly antifouling coatings","volume":"50","author":"Yebra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coatings"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668917303228?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668917303228?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T10:07:49Z","timestamp":1538561269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1382668917303228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["S1382668917303228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-6689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-6689","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antifouling processes and toxicity effects of antifouling paints on marine environment. A review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}