{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:46:06Z","timestamp":1792622766369,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305231\/2021-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305231\/2021-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["307966\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307966\/2021-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T11:55:44Z","timestamp":1735214144000},"page":"104624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["From indoors to outdoors: Impact of waste anesthetic gases on occupationally exposed professionals and related environmental hazards \u2013 A narrative review and update"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Mariane A.P.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena I.M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Vit\u00f3ria","family":"Destro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro G.","family":"Braz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4413-226X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana G.","family":"Braz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200100263","article-title":"Biomonitoring of exposure to nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane by automated GC\/MS headspace urinalysis","volume":"74","author":"Accorsi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-002-0379-4","article-title":"Proposal for single and mixture biological exposure limits for sevoflurane and nitrous oxide at low occupational exposure levels","volume":"76","author":"Accorsi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib3","unstructured":"AIA. 2006. Guidelines for design and construction of health care facilities. The American Institute of Architects Academy of Architecture for Health. Facility Guidelines Institute, Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200010000-00008","article-title":"Cause-specific mortality risks of anesthesiologists","volume":"93","author":"Alexander","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12014","article-title":"Inhalation anesthetics and the reproductive risk associated with occupational exposure among women working in veterinary anesthesia","volume":"40","author":"Allweiler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-021-01705-y","article-title":"Effect of inhaled anaesthetics gases on cytokines and oxidative stress alterations for the staff health status in hospitals","volume":"94","author":"Al-Rasheedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics6040070","article-title":"Early, subclinical hematological changes associated with occupational exposure to high levels of nitrous oxide","volume":"6","author":"Amiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.191692","article-title":"A survey on the use of low flow anaesthesia and the choice of inhalational anaesthetic agents among anaesthesiologists of India","volume":"60","author":"Amma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.5420","article-title":"Occupational reproductive hazards for female surgeons in the operating room: a review","volume":"155","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73202","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-27577-y","article-title":"High anesthetic exposure leads to oxidative damage and gene expression changes in physicians during medical residency: a cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Aun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib11","first-page":"5","article-title":"Monitoring early cell damage in physicians who are occupationally exposed to inhalational anesthetics","volume":"812","author":"Aun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2020.103515","article-title":"Hepatotoxic and neuroendocrine effects in physicians occupationally exposed to most modern halogenated anesthetics and nitrous oxide","volume":"81","author":"Aun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/50.11.1109","article-title":"Comparison of sampling techniques for studies of nitrous oxide pollution","volume":"50","author":"Austin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib14","unstructured":"Axelrod, D., Bell, C., Feldman, J., Hopf, H., Huncke, T.K., Paulsen, W., Stanton, C., Ryan, S., Rothman, B., Sherman, J., Striker, A.B., Szocik, J., Torrillo, T., Yost, S. 2015. Greening the operating room and perioperative arena: environmental sustainability for anesthesia practice. ASA Task Force on Environmental Sustainability Committee on Equipment and Facilities. Available in: \u3008https:\/\/www.asahq.org\/about-asa\/governance-and-committees\/asa-committees\/environmental-sustainability\/greening-the-operating-room\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib15","article-title":"Exposure assessment, biological monitoring, and liver function tests of operating room personnel exposed to halothane in Hamedan Hospitals West of Iran","volume":"17","author":"Bakhshaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Res. Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00778-6","article-title":"Effects of chronic exposure to anaesthetic gases on some immune parameters","volume":"270","author":"Bargellini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1007.224-az0359.x","article-title":"Anaesthetic pollution. Potential sources, their identification and control","volume":"52","author":"Barker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2024.2311072","article-title":"Pregnancy complications and loss: an observational survey comparing anesthesiologists and obstetrician-gynecologists","volume":"37","author":"Barnett","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Matern Fetal Neonatal. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.09.103","article-title":"Oxidative status and DNA damage in operating room personnel","volume":"42","author":"Baysal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.07.010","article-title":"Initiatives to broaden safety concerns in anaesthetic practice: The green operating room","volume":"35","author":"Beloeil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best. Pr. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001842","article-title":"Sustainability in anaesthesia and intensive care - an obligation to turn danger into opportunity","volume":"40","author":"Bentzer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-004-0579-1","article-title":"Cytogenetic tests performed on operating room personnel (the use of anaesthetic gases)","volume":"78","author":"Bilban","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2016.1177650","article-title":"Precautionary practices for administering anesthetic gases: A survey of physician anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologist assistants","volume":"13","author":"Boiano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.54.8.541","article-title":"Risk of spontaneous abortion in women occupationally exposed to anaesthetic gases: a meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Boivin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib25","article-title":"hCOMET project. DNA damage in circulating leukocytes measured with the comet assay may predict the risk of death","volume":"11","author":"Bonassi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgl177","article-title":"An increased micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes predicts the risk of cancer in humans","volume":"28","author":"Bonassi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjan.2017.02.001","article-title":"Comparison of waste anesthetic gases in operating rooms with or without an scavenging system in a Brazilian University Hospital","volume":"67","author":"Braz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Anestesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12643","article-title":"High concentrations of waste anesthetic gases induce genetic damage and inflammation in physicians exposed for three years: a cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Braz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22586","article-title":"Veterinarians exposed to inhaled anesthetic present chromosome damage, apoptosis and cell cycle changes","volume":"65","author":"Braz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22380","article-title":"Genetic instability assessed by telomere length and micronucleus in physicians exposed to anesthetics","volume":"61","author":"Braz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2018.07.001","article-title":"Detrimental effects detected in exfoliated buccal cells from anesthesiology medical residents occupationally exposed to inhalation anesthetics: An observational study","volume":"832-833","author":"Braz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001862","article-title":"The Glasgow declaration on sustainability in Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care","volume":"40","author":"Buhre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib33","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Professional exposure to anaesthetic gases in health workers: estimate of some hepatic and renal tests","volume":"164","author":"Caciari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Ter."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327118783532","article-title":"Genetic damage of operating and recovery room personnel occupationally exposed to waste anaesthetic gases","volume":"38","author":"\u00c7akmak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2013.12.003","article-title":"Anesthetic gases and occupationally exposed workers","volume":"37","author":"Casale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/10\/1\/016001","article-title":"Breath gas concentrations mirror exposure to sevoflurane and isopropyl alcohol in hospital environments in non-occupational conditions","volume":"10","author":"Castellanos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Breath. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-021-02120-0","article-title":"Suggested strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of anesthetic gases in the operating room","volume":"69","author":"Caycedo-Marulanda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gel029","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic damage in operating room personnel exposed to anaesthetic gases","volume":"21","author":"Chandrasekhar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:2<93::AID-EM3>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Increased micronucleus formation in nurses with occupational nitrous oxide exposure in operating theaters","volume":"27","author":"Chang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-015-0881-2","article-title":"Does occupational exposure to anesthetic gases lead to increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines?","volume":"64","author":"Chaoul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16217","article-title":"Driving down the carbon cost of peri-operative care: old controversies, new topics, fresh perspectives and the future","volume":"79","author":"Charlesworth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197110000-00005","article-title":"Anesthesia, pregnancy, and miscarriage: a study of operating room nurses and anesthetists","volume":"35","author":"Cohen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1980.0345","article-title":"Occupational disease in dentistry and chronic exposure to trace anesthetic gases","volume":"101","author":"Cohen","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2019.06.002","article-title":"The comet assay in human biomonitoring: Technical and epidemiological perspectives","volume":"843","author":"Collins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-86502014000400010","article-title":"DNA damage and antioxidant status in medical residents occupationally exposed to waste anesthetic gases","volume":"29","author":"Costa Paes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Cir. Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-018-2448-1","article-title":"Waste anesthetic gas exposure and strategies for solution","volume":"32","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327111426584","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxicity risk in operation room personnel by the alkaline comet assay","volume":"32","author":"El-Ebiary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327120938840","article-title":"Effect of inhaled waste anaesthetic gas on blood and liver parameters among hospital staff","volume":"39","author":"Emara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/1547691X.2020.1869872","article-title":"Effect of inhaled anesthetic gases on immune status alterations in health care workers","volume":"18","author":"Emara","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib50","first-page":"517","article-title":"Measurement of anesthetic pollution in veterinary operating rooms for small animals","volume":"71","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71774","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20444-2","article-title":"High anesthetic (isoflurane) indoor pollution is associated with genetic instability, cytotoxicity, and proliferative alterations in professionals working in a veterinary hospital","volume":"29","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060883","article-title":"Occupational exposure to inhalational anesthetics and teratogenic effects: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib53","first-page":"377","article-title":"Inhalation anaesthetics-exposure and control during veterinary surgery","volume":"35","author":"Gardner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.11.052","article-title":"Determination of sevoflurane and isopropyl alcohol in exhaled breath by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for exposure assessment of hospital staff","volume":"106","author":"Ghimenti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001240","article-title":"The green anaesthesia dilemma: to which extent is it important to preserve as many drugs available as possible","volume":"36","author":"Gonzalez-Pizarro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2020.06.006","article-title":"Sustainability in the operating room: reducing our impact on the planet","volume":"38","author":"Gordon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01797915","article-title":"Detoxification pathways in the liver","volume":"14","author":"Grant","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib58","first-page":"490","article-title":"Health effects associated with exposure to anaesthetic gases in Ontario hospital personnel","volume":"47","author":"Guirguis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000785","article-title":"Low anaesthetic waste gas concentrations in postanaesthesia care unit: a prospective observational study","volume":"35","author":"Heiderich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001015","article-title":"Occupational chronic sevoflurane exposure in the everyday reality of the anesthesia workplace","volume":"121","author":"Herzog-Niescery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004301","article-title":"Comparison of 3 methods to assess occupational sevoflurane exposure in abdominal surgeons: a single-center observational pilot study","volume":"131","author":"Herzog-Niescery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0822-7","article-title":"Photoacoustic gas monitoring for anesthetic gas pollution measurements and its cross-sensitivity to alcoholic disinfectants","volume":"19","author":"Herzog-Niescery","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2018.10.005","article-title":"The personnel's sevoflurane exposure in the postanesthesia care unit measured by photoacoustic gas monitoring and hexafluoroisopropanol biomonitoring","volume":"34","author":"Herzog-Niescery","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Perianesth Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.5.764","article-title":"Waste anaesthetic gases induce sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of operating room personnel","volume":"82","author":"Hoerauf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e138","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11061","article-title":"Evaluating the collection, comparability and findings of six global surgery indicators","volume":"106","author":"Holmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8831535","article-title":"Effects of occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gas on oxidative stress and DNA damage","author":"Hua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1046","article-title":"Radical causes of cancer","volume":"3","author":"Hussain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399509532032","article-title":"Anesthetic in urine as biological index of exposure in operating-room personnel","volume":"46","author":"Imbriani","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/753237","article-title":"Halogenated anesthetics determination in urine by spme\/gc\/ms and urine levels relationship evaluation with surgical theatres contamination","volume":"2014","author":"Indelicato","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anal. Methods Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib70","unstructured":"ISSA, 2001. Safety in the use of anesthetic gases. Consensus paper from the basic German and French documentation: Working document for occupational safety and health specialists. ISSA International Section on the Prevention of Occupational Risks in Health Services. ISSA Prevention Series No 2042 (E). Available in: \u3008https:\/\/ww1.issa.int\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/prevention\/2%20-%20Consensus%20Paper%20Anaesthetic%20Gases-36710.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2010.486421","article-title":"DNA damage, glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity in anesthesia nurses","volume":"65","author":"Izdes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001205","article-title":"Waste of anaesthetic gases may be related to impairment of nurse health in the postanaesthesia care unit","volume":"37","author":"Izgi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-017-1287-y","article-title":"Environmental and biological measurements of isoflurane and sevoflurane in operating room personnel","volume":"91","author":"Jafari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2018.1498898","article-title":"Effects of occupational exposure to trace levels of halogenated anesthetics on the liver, kidney, and oxidative stress parameters in operating room personnel","volume":"39","author":"Jafari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxin Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(98)00195-8","article-title":"Genotoxicity of inhalation anesthetics halothane and isoflurane in human lymphocytes studied in vitro using the comet assay","volume":"439","author":"Jaloszy\u0144ski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2018.12.008","article-title":"Environmental sustainability in veterinary anaesthesia","volume":"46","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001243","article-title":"Anaesthesia and environment: impact of a green anaesthesia on economics","volume":"36","author":"Kampman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3109\/08923979209009223","article-title":"The effects of volatile anaesthetic agents on human immune system function via occupational exposure","volume":"14","author":"Karakaya","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3859-0","article-title":"Genotoxicity of inhalational anesthetics and its relationship with the polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 genes","volume":"26","author":"Kargar Shouroki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2019.10.025","article-title":"Creatinine: from physiology to clinical application","volume":"72","author":"Kashani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010514","article-title":"Occupational exposure to halogenated anaesthetic gases in hospitals: a systematic review of methods and techniques to assess air concentration levels","volume":"20","author":"Keller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91048-3","article-title":"Anaesthetic practice and pregnancy. Controlled survey of women anaesthetists in the United Kingdom","volume":"1","author":"Knill-Jones","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2006.07.004","article-title":"Occupational exposure to nitrous oxide - the role of scavenging and ventilation systems in reducing the exposure level in operating rooms","volume":"210","author":"Krajewski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2021.01.004","article-title":"Causes and consequences of micronuclei","volume":"70","author":"Krupina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00381630","article-title":"Neurotoxicity in operating room personnel working with gaseous and nongaseous anesthesia","volume":"68","author":"Lucchini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D19","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2017.1395958","article-title":"Work environment and occupational risk assessment for small animal Portuguese veterinary activities","volume":"15","author":"Macedo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e381","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30162-6","article-title":"The impact of surgery on global climate: a carbon footprinting study of operating theatres in three health systems","volume":"1","author":"MacNeill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327105ht565oa","article-title":"Oxidative stress in operating room personnel: occupational exposure to anesthetic gases","volume":"24","author":"Malekirad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003967","article-title":"Carbon footprint of general, regional, and combined anesthesia for total knee replacements","volume":"135","author":"McGain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31824ddfef","article-title":"Workplace sustainability: the \"cradle to grave\" view of what we do","volume":"114","author":"McGain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14144","article-title":"Renal complications of anaesthesia","volume":"73","author":"McKinlay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74806-9_21","article-title":"Advanced technologies and devices for inhalational anesthetic drug dosing","volume":"182","author":"Meyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.170028","article-title":"Anaesthesia practice and reproductive outcomes: facts unveiled","volume":"59","author":"Nagella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib94","first-page":"418","article-title":"Toxic responses of the liver and kidneys following occupational exposure to anesthetic gases","volume":"19","author":"Neghab","year":"2020","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000500","article-title":"Immunotoxicity induced by occupational inhalation exposure to waste anesthetic gases: a historical cohort study","volume":"85","author":"Neghab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233720935696","article-title":"Association between genotoxic properties of inhalation anesthetics and oxidative stress biomarkers","volume":"36","author":"Neghab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib97","unstructured":"NIOSH. 1977. Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases and vapors. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-140, Atlanta. Available in: \u3008https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/pdfs\/77-140a.pdf?id=\u200910.26616\/NIOSHPUB77140\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib98","unstructured":"NIOSH. 2007. Waste anesthetic gases: occupational hazards in hospitals. United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH), Cincinnati. Available in: \u3008https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/2007-151\/pdfs\/2007-151.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10436","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11684-1","article-title":"Spontaneous abortion in women occupationally exposed to inhalational anesthetics: a critical systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.215748","article-title":"Sevoflurane and renal function: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"7","author":"Ong Sio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Gas. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib101","unstructured":"OSHA. 2000. Anesthetic Gases: guidelines for workplace exposures. Occupational Safety and Health Administration - OSHA. Available in: \u3008https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/waste-anesthetic-gases\/workplace-exposures-guidelines\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-023-02580-6","article-title":"A comparison of sevoflurane waste anesthetic gas concentration across three Saskatoon health care facilities","volume":"70","author":"Patterson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09649.x","article-title":"Immunological disturbances in anaesthetic personnel chronically exposed to high occupational concentrations of nitrous oxide and halothane","volume":"46","author":"Peri\u0107","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab19e1","article-title":"International comparison of health care carbon footprints","volume":"14","author":"Pichler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X8701500410","article-title":"Attitudes of anaesthetists and nurses to anaesthetic pollution","volume":"15","author":"Plummer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anaesth. Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.03235.x","article-title":"Evaluation of personal, environmental and biological exposure of paediatric anaesthetists to nitrous oxide and sevoflurane","volume":"58","author":"Raj","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0265","article-title":"Halogenated inhalational anaesthetics","volume":"17","author":"Reichle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best. Pr. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1994.1018","article-title":"DNA single-strand breaks in peripheral lymphocytes of clinical personnel with occupational exposure to volatile inhalational anesthetics","volume":"65","author":"Reitz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e538","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30247-3","article-title":"Climate change: challenges and opportunities to scale up surgical, obstetric, and anaesthesia care globally","volume":"4","author":"Roa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/48.2.167","article-title":"Pertinence and precision in pollution measurements","volume":"48","author":"Robinson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/16.2.139","article-title":"Preliminary study of cytogenetic damage in personnel exposed to anesthetic gases","volume":"16","author":"Rozgaj","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181e058d7","article-title":"Global warming potential of inhaled anesthetics: application to clinical use","volume":"111","author":"Ryan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.003","article-title":"Oxidative damage to macromolecules in human Parkinson disease and the rotenone model","volume":"62","author":"Sanders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(98)00113-2","article-title":"Use of alkaline comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis technique) to detect DNA damages in lymphocytes of operating room personnel occupationally exposed to anaesthetic gases","volume":"418","author":"Sarda\u015f","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.10.018","article-title":"Biomonitoring occupational sevoflurane exposure at low levels by urinary sevoflurane and hexafluoroisopropanol","volume":"231","author":"Scapellato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199811000-00019","article-title":"Exposure of postoperative nurses to exhaled anesthetic gases","volume":"87","author":"Sessler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003410","article-title":"Should total intravenous anesthesia be used to prevent the occupational waste anesthetic gas exposure of pregnant women in operating rooms?","volume":"128","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01073.x","article-title":"Pollution: just a whiff of gas?","volume":"13","author":"Sharples","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003898","article-title":"Total intravenous anesthetic versus inhaled anesthetic: pick your poison","volume":"128","author":"Sherman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"o1301","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o1301","article-title":"Inhaled anaesthesia and analgesia contribute to climate change","volume":"377","author":"Sherman","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib121","unstructured":"Sherman, J., Hunke, T., Ryan, S. 2015. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on the Environment. Anesthesiology sustainability check list. Available at: \u3008https:\/\/www.asahq.org\/about-asa\/governance-and-committees\/asacommittees\/environmental-sustainability\/inhaled-anesthetic-challenge\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31824f6940","article-title":"Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of anesthetic drugs","volume":"114","author":"Sherman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib123","first-page":"47","article-title":"Environmental sustainability in anesthesia","volume":"34","author":"Sherman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pollut. Prev. Patient Saf. Adv. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.035246","article-title":"Maternal occupational exposures and risk of spontaneous abortion in veterinary practice","volume":"65","author":"Shirangi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31819fe996","article-title":"Associations of unscavenged anesthetic gases and long working hours with preterm delivery in female veterinarians","volume":"113","author":"Shirangi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.21608\/ejom.2019.47401","article-title":"Study of some health hazards among operating theater personnel due to exposure to anesthetic gases (II)","volume":"43","author":"Siha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Occup. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2023.114307","article-title":"Modulation of gene expression and influence of gene polymorphisms related to genotoxicity and redox status on occupational exposure to inhaled anesthetics","volume":"256","author":"Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22765-8","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic instability, oxidative stress, and metabolism-related gene polymorphisms in workers exposed to waste anesthetic gases","volume":"30","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-020-01791-5","article-title":"The impact of sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative renal function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials","volume":"67","author":"Sondekoppam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib130","first-page":"42","article-title":"Occupational exposure to anesthetics leads to genomic instability, cytotoxicity and proliferative changes","volume":"791-792","author":"Souza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22420","article-title":"Oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation and gene expression in occupationally exposed university hospital anesthesia providers","volume":"62","author":"Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.004","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease","volume":"51","author":"Sugamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq259","article-title":"Inhalation anaesthetics and climate change","volume":"105","author":"Sulbaek Andersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s13353-015-0329-y","article-title":"Exposure to volatile anaesthetics is not followed by a massive induction of single-strand DNA breaks in operation theatre personnel","volume":"57","author":"Szyfter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib135","first-page":"215","article-title":"Inhalation anesthetics: a review","volume":"76","author":"Torri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10299","article-title":"Biological indices of kidney involvement in personnel exposed to sevoflurane in surgical areas","volume":"44","author":"Trevisan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-004-7658-z","article-title":"Effect of volatile anesthetics on oxidative stress due to occupational exposure","volume":"29","author":"T\u00fcrkan","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib138","unstructured":"UN. 2014. Global Surgery and Anaesthesia Organizations. Twelfth Session of the UN Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals. United Nations headquarters, New York. Available in: \u3008https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/statements\/global-surgery-and-anaesthesia-organizations-12492\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000887","article-title":"The anesthesiologist and global climate change: an ethical obligation to act","volume":"33","author":"Van Norman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005504","article-title":"Environmental and occupational considerations of anesthesia: a narrative review and update","volume":"133","author":"Varughese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2016.04.003","article-title":"DNA and chromosomal damage in medical workers exposed to anaesthetic gases assessed by the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. A critical review","volume":"770","author":"Vodicka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22711","article-title":"An update systematic review of fetal death, congenital anomalies, and fertility disorders among health care workers","volume":"60","author":"Warembourg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14853","article-title":"Abandoning inhalational anaesthesia","volume":"75","author":"White","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15598","volume":"77","author":"White","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib145","unstructured":"WHO. 2023. Climate change. World Health Organization. Available in: \u3008https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/climate-change#tab=tab_1\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200000189","article-title":"A follow-up study on occupational exposure to inhaled anaesthetics in Eastern European surgeons and circulating nurses","volume":"74","author":"Wiesner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib147","first-page":"58","article-title":"Oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress in subjects occupationally exposed to nitrous oxide (N(2)O)","volume":"731","author":"Wro\u0144ska-Nofer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib148","first-page":"39","article-title":"DNA damage induced by nitrous oxide: study in medical personnel of operating rooms","volume":"666","author":"Wro\u0144ska-Nofer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2022-001867","article-title":"Greenhouse gas reduction in anaesthesia practice: a departmental environmental strategy","volume":"11","author":"Wyssusek","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X18793937","article-title":"Operating room greening initiatives - the old, the new, and the way forward: a narrative review","volume":"37","author":"Wyssusek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Waste Manag Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-59.4.154","article-title":"Environmental implications of anesthetic gases","volume":"59","author":"Yasny","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesth. Prog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.08.029","article-title":"Exposure to anesthetic gases among operating room personnel and risk of genotoxicity: a systematic review of the human biomonitoring studies","volume":"35","author":"Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668924002643?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668924002643?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:28:11Z","timestamp":1778606891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1382668924002643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":152,"alternative-id":["S1382668924002643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-6689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-6689","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"From indoors to outdoors: Impact of waste anesthetic gases on occupationally exposed professionals and related environmental hazards \u2013 A narrative review and update","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104624","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104624"}}