{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:26:02Z","timestamp":1790216762628,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES030374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES030374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T03:19:45Z","timestamp":1741058385000},"page":"104669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sexually dimorphic cardiovascular impacts of prenatal exposure to a real-life environmental chemical mixture in adult offspring"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5143-4528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor Muhammad","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasantha","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpita","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil P.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3646-8989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Bellingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01553.x","article-title":"No consistent association between birthweight and parental risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"22","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196311142692001","article-title":"Smoking habits and age in relation to pulmonary changes: rupture of alveolar septums, fibrosis and thickening of walls of small arteries and arterioles","volume":"269","author":"Auerbach","year":"1963","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.197715","article-title":"Associations of bisphenol A exposure with heart rate variability and blood pressure","volume":"60","author":"Bae","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6673.564","article-title":"Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease","volume":"298","author":"Barker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1847","article-title":"Bisphenol A alters autonomic tone and extracellular matrix structure and induces sex-specific effects on cardiovascular function in male and female CD-1 mice","volume":"156","author":"Belcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-24-0119","article-title":"Impact of real-life environmental exposures on reproduction: biosolids and male reproduction","volume":"168","author":"Bellingham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000243586.99701.cf","article-title":"Environmental cardiology: studying mechanistic links between pollution and heart disease","volume":"99","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.7.1936","article-title":"RR variability in healthy, middle-aged persons compared with patients with chronic coronary heart disease or recent acute myocardial infarction","volume":"91","author":"Bigger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/208947","article-title":"Can exposure to environmental chemicals increase the risk of diabetes type 1 development?","volume":"2015","author":"Bodin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib10","series-title":"Veterinary Echocardiography","author":"Boon","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8878101","article-title":"Neurohumoral blood pressure regulation in lead exposure","volume":"78","author":"Boscolo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00598","article-title":"BPA alters estrogen receptor expression in the heart after viral infection activating cardiac mast cells and T cells leading to perimyocarditis and fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Bruno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(83)90267-3","article-title":"Mechanisms in cardiovascular regulation following chronic exposure of male rats to inorganic mercury","volume":"69","author":"Carmignani","year":"1983","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib14","unstructured":"Cdc, N., 1999. Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2013 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released 2015. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"Quantitative methods in psychology: a power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.152","article-title":"Environmental factors in cardiovascular disease","volume":"12","author":"Cosselman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm054","article-title":"Offspring birth weight and parental mortality: prospective observational study and meta-analysis","volume":"166","author":"Davey Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.22.1","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension: stimuli, patterns, and consequences","volume":"22","author":"Devereux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0002","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement","volume":"30","author":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1161\/hh1901.097086","article-title":"Impaired cardiac functional reserve and left ventricular hypertrophy in adult sheep after prenatal dexamethasone exposure","volume":"89","author":"Dodic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2022.103913","article-title":"Developmental exposure to real-life environmental chemical mixture programs a testicular dysgenesis syndrome-like phenotype in prepubertal lambs","volume":"94","author":"Elcombe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2021.103670","article-title":"Morphological and transcriptomic alterations in neonatal lamb testes following developmental exposure to low-level environmental chemical mixture","volume":"86","author":"Elcombe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2023.104152","article-title":"Developmental exposure to a real-life environmental chemical mixture alters testicular transcription factor expression in neonatal and pre-pubertal rams, with morphological changes persisting into adulthood","volume":"100","author":"Elcombe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2023.104257","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic impact of preconceptional and gestational exposure to a real-life environmental chemical mixture (biosolids) on offspring growth dynamics and puberty in sheep","volume":"102","author":"Evans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-76","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoke on endothelial function of pulmonary arteries in the guinea pig","volume":"10","author":"Ferrer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109464","article-title":"The association between environmental endocrine disruptors and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"187","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198909000-00005","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects of anti-androgen treatment","volume":"7","author":"Ganten","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8399","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110808399","article-title":"Impact of bisphenol A on the cardiovascular system\u2014Epidemiological and experimental evidence and molecular mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.05.011","article-title":"Effects of bisphenol A on incidence and severity of cardiac lesions in the NCTR-Sprague-Dawley rat: A CLARITY-BPA study","volume":"275","author":"Gear","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.05.012","article-title":"Gender differences in advanced heart failure: insights from the BEST study","volume":"42","author":"Ghali","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13358","article-title":"Preconceptional and in utero exposure of sheep to a real-life environmental chemical mixture disrupts key markers of energy metabolism in male offspring","volume":"36","author":"Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-181","article-title":"Reliability of quantitative echocardiography in adult sheep and goats","volume":"8","author":"Hallowell","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training","author":"Hellsten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol. 6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023684430671","article-title":"Left atrial and ventricular dimensions in highly trained cyclists","volume":"19","author":"Hoogsteen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1044","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00364.2017","article-title":"Plastics and cardiovascular health: phthalates may disrupt heart rate variability and cardiovascular reactivity","volume":"313","author":"Jaimes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-014-0494-0","article-title":"Environmental endocrine disruption of energy metabolism and cardiovascular risk","volume":"14","author":"Kirkley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.658763","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on heart rate variability in free-moving sheep and goats assessed with correction for physical activity","volume":"8","author":"Kitajima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007","article-title":"Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: a meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Koenig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22071","article-title":"Developmental programming: interaction between prenatal BPA and postnatal overfeeding on cardiac tissue gene expression in female sheep","volume":"58","author":"Koneva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.6.462","article-title":"Association between offspring birth weight and atherosclerosis in middle aged men and women: British Regional Heart Study","volume":"57","author":"Lawlor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370500444247","article-title":"Chronic exposure to urban air pollution induces structural alterations in murine pulmonary and coronary arteries","volume":"18","author":"Lemos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.12.035","article-title":"Exposure to pastures fertilised with sewage sludge disrupts bone tissue homeostasis in sheep","volume":"407","author":"Lind","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib43","article-title":"Changes in the structure and mechanical properties of pulmonary arteries of rats exposed to cigarette smoke","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05799-3","article-title":"Fetal heart rate variability is a biomarker of rapid but not progressive exacerbation of inflammation in preterm fetal sheep","volume":"12","author":"Magawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055387","article-title":"Plastics derived endocrine disruptors (BPA, DEHP and DBP) induce epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of obesity, reproductive disease and sperm epimutations","volume":"8","author":"Manikkam","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12263-017-0555-5","article-title":"Food components and contaminants as (anti) androgenic molecules","volume":"12","author":"Marcoccia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2005.04156.x","article-title":"Gender differences in blood pressure and heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats","volume":"32","author":"Maris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-017-0170-z","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic effects of early-life exposures to endocrine disruptors: sex-specific epigenetic reprogramming as a potential mechanism","volume":"4","author":"McCabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90118-3","article-title":"Clinical determinants and consequences of left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"75","author":"Messerli","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03086131","article-title":"Cardiac remodelling: concentric versus eccentric hypertrophy in strength and endurance athletes","volume":"16","author":"Mihl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neth. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S204017441600057X","article-title":"Effects of prenatal bisphenol-A exposure and postnatal overfeeding on cardiovascular function in female sheep","volume":"8","author":"MohanKumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.968792","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences in cardiovascular disease prevention: what a difference a decade makes","volume":"124","author":"Mosca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1987.48.09.1313","article-title":"M-mode echocardiographic values in sheep","volume":"48","author":"Moses","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa072","article-title":"Parental cardiovascular health predicts time to onset of cardiovascular disease in offspring","volume":"29","author":"Muchira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00858.x","article-title":"Effects of endocrine disruptors on obesity","volume":"31","author":"Newbold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069149","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to dexamethasone in the mouse alters cardiac growth patterns and increases pulse pressure in aged male offspring","volume":"8","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(84)80192-8","article-title":"Development and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"3","author":"Panidis","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft026","article-title":"Lifelong exposure to bisphenol a alters cardiac structure\/function, protein expression, and DNA methylation in adult mice","volume":"133","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.09.008","article-title":"Sex-specific cardiovascular responses to control or high fat diet feeding in C57bl\/6 mice chronically exposed to bisphenol A","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.08.015","article-title":"Effects of early exposure to phthalates and bisphenols on cardiometabolic outcomes in pregnancy and childhood","volume":"68","author":"Philips","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib61","article-title":"Association of arsenic exposure with cardiac geometry and left ventricular function in young adults: evidence from the Strong Heart Family Study","volume":"12","author":"Pichler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ.: Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2010.00406.x","article-title":"Electrocardiographic changes in workers occupationally exposed to lead","volume":"16","author":"Por\u0119ba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-014-9258-y","article-title":"The adverse cardiac effects of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and bisphenol A","volume":"14","author":"Posnack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121927","article-title":"Exposure to phthalates affects calcium handling and intercellular connectivity of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes","volume":"10","author":"Posnack","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(85)90420-X","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity of lead at various perfusate calcium concentrations: functional and metabolic responses of the perfused rat heart","volume":"81","author":"Prentice","year":"1985","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-006-0119-0","article-title":"Heart rate variability: a review","volume":"44","author":"Rajendra Acharya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25719-8","article-title":"Disruption of neonatal cardiomyocyte physiology following exposure to bisphenol-a","volume":"8","author":"Ramadan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.5.1199","article-title":"Gender differences in the regulation of blood pressure","volume":"37","author":"Reckelhoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-023-00810-4","article-title":"Mechanisms of sex and gender differences in hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Reckelhoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0196","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure","volume":"74","author":"Regitz-Zagrosek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1039\/c0em00009d","article-title":"Maternal and fetal tissue accumulation of selected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) following exposure to sewage sludge-treated pastures before or after conception","volume":"12","author":"Rhind","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.06.011","article-title":"Short-and long-term temporal changes in soil concentrations of selected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) following single or multiple applications of sewage sludge to pastures","volume":"181","author":"Rhind","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7469","article-title":"Alkyl phenols and diethylhexyl phthalate in tissues of sheep grazing pastures fertilized with sewage sludge or inorganic fertilizer","volume":"113","author":"Rhind","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft248","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure in offspring of rats exposed to diverse chemicals during pregnancy","volume":"137","author":"Rogers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib76","first-page":"422","article-title":"Gender differences of heart rate variability in healthy volunteers","volume":"62","author":"Saleem","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.2.580","article-title":"Continuous relation between left ventricular mass and cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension","volume":"35","author":"Schillaci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2018.12.008","article-title":"Equine echocardiography","volume":"35","author":"Schwarzwald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Equine Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1161\/hc2901.093115","article-title":"Maternal and paternal history of myocardial infarction and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women","volume":"104","author":"Sesso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-016-9374-y","article-title":"Low-level chronic lead exposure impairs neural control of blood pressure and heart rate in rats","volume":"17","author":"Simoes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2021.663372","article-title":"Developmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and its impact on cardio-metabolic-renal health","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7238.839","article-title":"Relation between infants' birth weight and mothers' mortality: prospective observational study","volume":"320","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7117.1189","article-title":"Birth weight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: prospective observational study","volume":"315","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05112-6","article-title":"Pregnancy complications and maternal risk of ischaemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of 129 290 births","volume":"357","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000164790.96316.c0","article-title":"Birth weight of offspring and subsequent cardiovascular mortality of the parents","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03406-1","article-title":"Birth dimensions of offspring, premature birth, and the mortality of mothers","volume":"356","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sol, C.M., Santos, S., Asimakopoulos, A.G., Martinez-Moral, M.-P., Duijts, L., Kannan, K., Trasande, L., Jaddoe, V.W., 2020. Associations of maternal phthalate and bisphenol urine concentrations during pregnancy with childhood blood pressure in a population-based prospective cohort study.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105677"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2516865720939971","article-title":"Sex-specific programming of cardiac DNA methylation by developmental phthalate exposure","volume":"13","author":"Svoboda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epigenetics Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2018.09.511","article-title":"Global atlas of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10843","DOI":"10.1021\/es503110j","article-title":"Contribution of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD\/Fs) to the toxic equivalency of dioxin-like compounds in archived biosolids from the US EPA\u2019s 2001 National Sewage Sludge Survey","volume":"48","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.73.4.363","article-title":"Birth weight, weight at one year, and left ventricular mass in adult life","volume":"73","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.12.019","article-title":"Ultrasonographic examination of the heart in sheep","volume":"152","author":"Vloumidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.01.007","article-title":"Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals\u2014a review","volume":"92","author":"Von Borell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3836","article-title":"Developmental programming: Sex-specific programming of growth upon prenatal bisphenol A exposure","volume":"39","author":"Vyas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.11.017","article-title":"Paternal or maternal history of cardiovascular disease and the risk of cardiovascular disease in offspring. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"179","author":"Weijmans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.09.010","article-title":"Prepubertal gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog leads to exaggerated behavioral and emotional sex differences in sheep","volume":"59","author":"Wojniusz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.3109\/01902149109064331","article-title":"Effect of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary vascular structure and function in the guinea pig","volume":"17","author":"Wright","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. lung Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.02.067","article-title":"Comparing the effects of diethylhexyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate exposure on hypertension in mice","volume":"174","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669_bib99","first-page":"818","article-title":"Remodeling of rat pulmonary artery induced by chronic smoking exposure","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668925000444?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668925000444?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:29:57Z","timestamp":1777696197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1382668925000444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S1382668925000444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-6689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-6689","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sexually dimorphic cardiovascular impacts of prenatal exposure to a real-life environmental chemical mixture in adult offspring","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104669","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104669"}}