{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T14:57:12Z","timestamp":1783436232428,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:15:09Z","timestamp":1765844109000},"page":"104912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["What lies beneath the ice? How gadolinium affects Cyclops abyssorum during Alpine winters"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Gabetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Mossotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Provenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Anselmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Maganza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Riina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Griglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Squadrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monia","family":"Renzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia Concetta","family":"Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marino","family":"Prearo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0585-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Pastorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7494\/geol.2013.39.4.317","article-title":"An attempt to identify traffic related elements in snow","volume":"39","author":"Adamiec","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geol. Geophys. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0335-5","article-title":"Atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in a remote mountain catchment","volume":"12","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"54","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116120","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-30439-2","article-title":"Gadolinium accumulation and its biochemical effects in Mytilus galloprovincialis under a scenario of global warming","volume":"30","author":"Andrade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib4","article-title":"Rare earth elements on aquatic organisms: toxicity, detoxification, and ecological implications","author":"Banaee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Contam."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620210629","article-title":"Integrated biomarker response: a useful tool for ecological risk assessment","volume":"21","author":"Beliaeff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecohyd.2023.02.003","article-title":"Littoral macrobenthic invertebrates of two high-altitude lakes in the Alps: a small-scale analysis","volume":"23","author":"Bertoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(00)80077-3","article-title":"What is oxidative stress?","volume":"49","author":"Betteridge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biochemical and molecular effects of gadolinium and lanthanum on Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae)","author":"Bezerra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib9","first-page":"1919","article-title":"Potential toxicity of nine rare earth elements (REEs) on marine copepod Tigriopus fulvus","volume":"14","author":"Biandolino","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Xenobiotics 2024"},{"issue":"7172","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7172.1572","article-title":"Survival probabilities (the Kaplan-Meier method)","volume":"317","author":"Bland","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib11","series-title":"Freshwater crustacean zooplankton of Europe: Cladocera and Copepoda (Calanoida, Cyclopoida) key to species identification, with notes on ecology, distribution, methods and introduction to data analysis","first-page":"2016","author":"Bledzki","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.155","article-title":"Evaluation of the potential hazard of lanthanides to freshwater microcrustaceans","volume":"642","author":"Blinova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-021-03388-0","article-title":"Long-term toxicity of gadolinium to the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna","volume":"108","author":"Blinova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115966","article-title":"Anthropogenic gadolinium in freshwater and drinking water systems","volume":"182","author":"Br\u00fcnjes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-369400-0\/00564-0","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation","author":"Cai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Encycl. Toxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2009.02303.x","article-title":"Trace elements in alpine and arctic lake sediments as a record of diffuse atmospheric contamination across Europe","volume":"54","author":"Camarero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Freshw. Biol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.23818\/limn.25.38","article-title":"High mountain lakes: extreme habitats and witnesses of environmental changes","volume":"25","author":"Catal\u00e1n","year":"2006","journal-title":"Limn\u00e9tica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.118049","article-title":"Integrative biomarker response-threshold (IBR-T): refinement of IBRv2 to consider the reference and threshold values of biomarkers","volume":"341","author":"Catteau","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib19","article-title":"An overview of seasonal changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant defence parameters in some invertebrate and vertebrate species","volume":"2016","author":"Chainy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/wwp2.12137","article-title":"A review on plankton as a bioindicator: a promising tool for monitoring water quality","volume":"10","author":"Chandel","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Water Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1021\/es048859u","article-title":"Organic contaminants in mountains","volume":"39","author":"Daly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12060429","article-title":"Navigating a microplastic sea: how the pacific cupped oyster (Magallana gigas) respond to microplastic pollution in lagoons","volume":"12","author":"De Rinaldis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01626-7","article-title":"Review of strategies to reduce the contamination of the water environment by gadolinium-based contrast agents","volume":"15","author":"Dekker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2014.06.021","article-title":"Mechanisms of oxidative stress in plants: from classical chemistry to cell biology","volume":"109","author":"Demidchik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2019.09.007","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of metals on animal and plant glutathione transferases","volume":"57","author":"Dobritzsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib26","unstructured":"D\u00f6rr, A.J.M., Galarini, R., and Elia, A.C. (2009). Monthly variability of heavy metal accumulation and detoxifying response of freshwater Copepoda, Cyclops abyssorum. Book of Abstract of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Management, Engineering, Planning and Economics (CEMEPE 2009) and SECOTOX Conference, 33."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences9020093","article-title":"Gadolinium as an emerging microcontaminant in water resources: threats and opportunities","volume":"9","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geosciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8651-z","article-title":"Oxidative stress and related biomarkers in cupric and cuprous chloride-treated rainbow trout","volume":"24","author":"Elia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2022.106346","article-title":"Gadolinium ecotoxicity is enhanced in a warmer and acidified changing ocean as shown by the surf clam Spisula solida through a multibiomarker approach","volume":"253","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.003","article-title":"The glutathione peroxidase family: discoveries and mechanism","volume":"187","author":"Floh\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1897\/05-257R.1","article-title":"The use and misuse of biomarkers in ecotoxicology","volume":"25","author":"Forbes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.122938","article-title":"Physical characteristics of microplastic particles and potential for global atmospheric transport: a meta-analysis","volume":"342","author":"Fox","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113859","article-title":"New insights on the impacts of e-waste towards marine bivalves: the case of the rare earth element Dysprosium","volume":"260","author":"Freitas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-4598(98)00072-5","article-title":"Mechanism of pyrogallol autoxidation and determination of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity","volume":"45","author":"Gao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry Bioenerg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.01.020","article-title":"Lanthanide ecotoxicity: first attempt to measure environmental risk for aquatic organisms","volume":"199","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16472","article-title":"Long-term toxicity of chlorpromazine, diclofenac and two lanthanides on three generations of Ceriodaphnia dubia","volume":"11","author":"Gylyt\u0117","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation","volume":"249","author":"Habig","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.04.073","article-title":"Comparative study of the effects of gadolinium chloride and gadolinium \u2013 based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent on freshwater mussel, Dreissena polymorpha","volume":"181","author":"Hanana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.160","article-title":"How we can make ecotoxicology more valuable to environmental protection","volume":"578","author":"Hanson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.341","article-title":"Toxicological assessment of anthropogenic Gadolinium in seawater: biochemical effects in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis","volume":"664","author":"Henriques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib41","article-title":"Microplastics as a Trojan horse for trace metals","volume":"2","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib42","article-title":"Survival and reproduction of Cyclops abyssorum (freshwater copepod) exposed to spirotetramat and 2,4-D","volume":"23","author":"Houssou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rom. Biotechnol. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1163\/156854064X00650","article-title":"A method for studying the external anatomy of copepods","volume":"6","author":"Humes","year":"1964","journal-title":"Crustaceana"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2258","article-title":"Linking survival and biomarker responses over time","volume":"32","author":"Jager","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7641-x","article-title":"Assessing anthropogenic levels, speciation, and potential mobility of rare earth elements (REEs) in ex-tin mining area","volume":"23","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2014.07.005","article-title":"Heavy metals induce oxidative stress and trigger oxidative stress-mediated heat shock protein (hsp) modulation in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus","volume":"166","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C Toxicol. Pharma."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemer.2004.08.004","article-title":"Positive gadolinium anomaly in surface water and ground water of the urban area Berlin, Germany","volume":"65","author":"Knappe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geochemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/zsc.12183","article-title":"The genus Cyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) in Europe","volume":"45","author":"Kraj\u00ed\u010dek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zool. Scr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1021\/es990633h","article-title":"Hospital effluents as a source of gadolinium in the aquatic environment","volume":"34","author":"K\u00fcmmerer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib50","first-page":"754","article-title":"Toxicity of Nine (Doped) rare earth metal oxides and respective individual metals to aquatic microorganisms Vibrio fischeri and Tetrahymena thermophila","volume":"10","author":"Kurvet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Materials 2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2009.04.010","article-title":"Use of biomarkers in environmental monitoring","volume":"52","author":"Lam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121621","article-title":"Effects of environmental concentrations of gadolinium on adults and juveniles of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris","volume":"278","author":"Libralato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib54","first-page":"415","article-title":"Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with a diet supplemented by the waste derived from the supercritical fluid extraction of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)","volume":"11","author":"Magara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants 2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib55","first-page":"1663","article-title":"An updated review of toxicity effect of the rare earth elements (REEs) on aquatic organisms","volume":"10","author":"Malhotra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals 2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib56","unstructured":"Marchand, P.J. (2014). Life in the Cold An Introduction to Winter Ecology, fourth edition. University Press of New England, Hanover, NH. ISBN: 0-87451-417-7 0-87451-417-7."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119708","article-title":"Toxicity of rare earth elements (REEs) to marine organisms: using species sensitivity distributions to establish water quality guidelines for protecting marine life","volume":"261","author":"Markich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.23818\/limn.08.04","article-title":"Southernmost high-mountain lakes in Europe (Sierra Nevada) as reference sites for pollution and climate change monitoring","volume":"8","author":"Morales","year":"1992","journal-title":"Limnetica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126453","article-title":"Gadolinium: a review on concentrations and impacts in marine and coastal systems","author":"Moreira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104673","article-title":"Assessing the toxicity of gadolinium in freshwater and marine ecosystems: effects across trophic levels","volume":"115","author":"Mossotto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib61","article-title":"Cyclops abyssorum. Life-cycle dynamics and habitat selection [lowland lake Lonavatn, western Norway]. Memorie Dell\u2019Istituto Italiano Di Idrobiologia, Dott","volume":"34","author":"Nilssen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Marco De. Marchi Verbania Pallanza"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-35854-7","article-title":"Sublethal and lethal toxicity assessment of lanthanum and gadolinium to Daphnia magna in a 7-day test method","volume":"32","author":"Padilla Suarez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2015.01.030","article-title":"Health effects and toxicity mechanisms of rare earth elements\u2014Knowledge gaps and research prospects","volume":"115","author":"Pagano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib64","series-title":"Cerium: Molecular Structure, Technological Applications and Health Effects","first-page":"107","article-title":"Comparative toxicity of cerium and of other rare earth elements (REEs) in plant and invertebrate test systems","author":"Pagano","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coaa067","article-title":"Beyond survival experiments: using biomarkers of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity to assess vulnerability of subterranean fauna to climate change","volume":"8","author":"Pallar\u00e9s","year":"2020","journal-title":"Conserv. Physiol."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3489-6","article-title":"Variations of anthropogenic gadolinium in rivers close to waste water treatment plant discharges","volume":"25","author":"Parant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.110215","article-title":"Microplastics in biotic and abiotic compartments of high-mountain lakes from Alps","volume":"150","author":"Pastorino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2024.104361","article-title":"Alps at risk: High-mountain lakes as reservoirs of persistent and emerging contaminants","volume":"264","author":"Pastorino","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136946","article-title":"Oxidative stress ecology in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from a high-mountain lake (Cottian Alps)","volume":"715","author":"Pastorino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2024.111812","article-title":"The old and the new on threats to high-mountain lakes in the Alps: a comprehensive examination with future research directions","volume":"160","author":"Pastorino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2025.100544","article-title":"Gadolinium exposure in Procambarus clarkii: tissue-specific bioaccumulation and oxidative stress responses","author":"Pastorino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg. Contam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145034","article-title":"Ecology of oxidative stress in the Danube barbel (Barbus balcanicus) from a winegrowing district: effects of water parameters, trace and rare earth elements on biochemical biomarkers","volume":"772","author":"Pastorino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib73","article-title":"Occurrence of rare earth elements in water, sediment, and freshwater fish of diverse trophic levels and feeding ecology: Insights from the Po river (northwest Italy)","volume":"240","author":"Pastorino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9790","DOI":"10.1021\/es502161z","article-title":"Importance of freeze\u2013thaw events in low temperature ecotoxicology of cold tolerant enchytraeids","volume":"48","author":"Patr\u00edcio Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-020-04257-3","article-title":"Changes in midge assemblages (Diptera Chironomidae) in an alpine lake from the Italian Western Alps: the role and importance of fish introduction","volume":"847","author":"Perilli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12405","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8869-9","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of gadolinium in freshwater bivalves","volume":"24","author":"Perrat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10535-018-0782-7","article-title":"Regulation of the key antioxidant enzymes by developmental processes and environmental stresses in the dark","volume":"62","author":"Po\u00f3r","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Plant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2023.104075","article-title":"Chemical pollution and ecotoxicological effects of high-density polyethylene microplastics in Mytilus galloprovincialis from two Italian lagoon ecosystems","volume":"98","author":"Provenza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib79","unstructured":"R Core Team (2024). _R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. \u3008https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/\u3009."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-021-00106-w","article-title":"The vulnerability of lakes to climate change along an altitudinal gradient","volume":"2","author":"R\u00e5man Vinn\u00e5","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2013.07.006","article-title":"Oxidative pathways of chemical toxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers in marine organisms","volume":"93","author":"Regoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"issue":"3\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-1136(02)00146-0","article-title":"Oxidative stress in ecotoxicology: from the analysis of individual antioxidants to a more integrated approach","volume":"54","author":"Regoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s13530-016-0276-y","article-title":"Effects of rare earth elements on the environment and human health: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Rim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4116","article-title":"Gadolinium as a new emerging contaminant of aquatic environments","volume":"37","author":"Rogowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6044","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14036044","article-title":"The role of metallothionein in oxidative stress","volume":"14","author":"Ruttkay-Nedecky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10452-009-9278-z","article-title":"Perspectives in winter limnology: closing the annual cycle of freezing lakes","volume":"43","author":"Salonen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquat. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2022.107547","article-title":"Testate Amoeba and Chironomid assemblages from Balma Lake (Piedmont, Italy): a multi-proxy record to identifying recent climate and environmental changes in alpine areas","volume":"285","author":"Salvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Quat. Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-012-1359-1","article-title":"A novel \u201cIntegrated Biomarker Response\u201d calculation based on reference deviation concept","volume":"20","author":"Sanchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib89","unstructured":"Sars, G.O. (1863). Oversigt af de indenlandske Ferskvandcopepoder. [Overview of the domestic Freshwater Copepods.]. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiana. 1862:212-262., available online at https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/page\/44339019."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.05.080","article-title":"Persistent organic pollutants, brominated flame retardants and synthetic musks in fish from remote alpine lakes in Switzerland","volume":"67","author":"Schmid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104580","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of gadolinium contamination on the marine bivalve Donax trunculus: Implications for environmental health","volume":"112","author":"Secco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.05.010","article-title":"Major to ultra trace elements in rainfall collected in suburban Tokyo","volume":"41","author":"Shimamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2005.12.015","article-title":"Effect of light on oxidative stress, secondary metabolites and induction of antioxidant enzymes in Eleutherococcus senticosus somatic embryos in bioreactor","volume":"41","author":"Shohael","year":"2006","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"issue":"86, 2017","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-045037","article-title":"Oxidative stress","volume":"86","author":"Sies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1703.2002.00476.x","article-title":"Copepoda - Cladocera - Tunicata: the role of three major mesozooplankton groups in pelagic food webs","volume":"17","author":"Sommer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecol. Res."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2017.06.048","article-title":"A first report of rare earth elements in northwestern Mediterranean seaweeds","volume":"122","author":"Squadrone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2017.1354075","article-title":"Characterization of solid airborne particles deposited in snow in the vicinity of urban fossil fuel thermal power plant (Western Siberia)","volume":"39","author":"Talovskaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.138652","article-title":"Effects of light intensity on the antioxidant activity, ATPases, and digestive enzymes of crimson snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus) juveniles during long-hour road transport","volume":"287","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbt109","article-title":"UV-induced DNA damage in Cyclops abyssorum tatricus populations from clear and turbid alpine lakes","volume":"36","author":"Tartarotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5640","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07002-z","article-title":"Not merely noxious? Time-dependent hormesis and differential toxic effects systematically induced by rare earth elements in Escherichia coli","volume":"27","author":"T\u00e9cher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15060415","article-title":"Gadolinium in the environment: a double-edged sword for plant growth and ecosystem stability","volume":"15","author":"Tomczuk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146273","article-title":"What do we know about the ecotoxicological implications of the rare earth element gadolinium in aquatic ecosystems?","volume":"781","author":"Trapasso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.143810","article-title":"Nanoplastics as competitors of natural colloids in the environment: the case of gadolinium complexes","volume":"369","author":"Trujillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.03.013","article-title":"Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants","volume":"64","author":"Valavanidis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.04.079","article-title":"Practical procedures for selected biomarkers in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis - Implications for marine pollution monitoring","volume":"461\u2013462","author":"Vidal-Li\u00f1\u00e1n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib106","series-title":"Global Change and Mountain Regions\u2014an Overview of Current Knowledge","first-page":"497","article-title":"Mountain lakes as indicators of the cumulative impacts of ultraviolet radiation and other environmental stressors","author":"Vinebrooke","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.01.068","article-title":"Accumulation and fractionation of rare earth elements in atmospheric particulates around a mine tailing in Baotou, China","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.10.030","article-title":"Biphasic effects of lanthanum on Vicia faba L. seedlings under cadmium stress, implicating finite antioxidation and potential ecological risk","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-009-9319-6","article-title":"Biochemical response of the copepod Tigriopus japonicus mori experimentally exposed to cadmium","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.121","article-title":"Importance of atmospheric transport for microplastics deposited in remote areas","volume":"254","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2016.08.038","article-title":"Rare earth elements concentrations and speciation in rainwater from Guiyang, an acid rain impacted zone of Southwest China","volume":"442","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S138266892500287X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S138266892500287X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:31:04Z","timestamp":1767918664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S138266892500287X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["S138266892500287X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-6689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-6689","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What lies beneath the ice? How gadolinium affects Cyclops abyssorum during Alpine winters","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2025.104912","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104912"}}