{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:47:37Z","timestamp":1792518457323,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:16:19Z","timestamp":1769040979000},"page":"104944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["N-acetylcysteine reduces incidence and duration of linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2681-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdeltawab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel-Hameed","family":"Ebid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Mobarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12091330","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of antioxidant therapy patients with septic shock and organ dysfunction in the ICU: SOFA score reduction by improvement of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system","volume":"12","author":"Aisa-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2147\/DHPS.S458284","article-title":"Rapid onset and recovery linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia: a large-sample, single-center retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Al Qamariat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Health Patient Saf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib3","first-page":"1649","article-title":"Linezolid vs vancomycin in induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"11","author":"Al-Harbi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib4","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine regenerates in vivo mercaptoalbumin","volume":"11","author":"Altomare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxid. (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1086\/338403","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia associated with linezolid therapy","volume":"34","author":"Attassi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayala, Juan Carlos, et al. 2021. \"Oxidative Stress in ICU Patients: ROS as Mortality Long-Term Predictor.\" 10 (12): 1912. \u3008https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/10\/12\/1912\u3009.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10121912"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, Go. Wun, et al. 2019. \"Risk factors for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia in patients without haemato-oncologic diseases.\" 124 (2): 228-234. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcpt.13123. \u3008https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/bcpt.13123\u3009.","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13123"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-2041-3","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring and receiver operating characteristic curve prediction may reduce the development of linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients","volume":"33","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2025.2500589","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients: nomogram development based on comprehensive screening of over 70 factors","volume":"23","author":"Ebid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80043-6","article-title":"Linezolid: an oxazolidinone antimicrobial agent","volume":"23","author":"Fung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4212\/cjhp.v72i2.2883","article-title":"Real-life frequency of new-onset thrombocytopenia during linezolid treatment","volume":"72","author":"Giunio-Zorkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1930-8","article-title":"Performance of critical care prognostic scoring systems in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Haniffa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.032433","article-title":"Bleeding academic research consortium consensus report: the food and drug administration perspective","volume":"123","author":"Hicks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9894","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13874-y","article-title":"Renal replacement therapy and concurrent fluconazole therapy increase linezolid-related thrombocytopenia among adult patients","volume":"12","author":"Hsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib15","article-title":"Initially reduced linezolid dosing regimen to prevent thrombocytopenia in hemodialysis patients","volume":"10","author":"Kawasuji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiot. (Basel)"},{"issue":"6809","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6809.1026","article-title":"Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial","volume":"303","author":"Keays","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12762","article-title":"Linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia increases mortality risk in intensive care unit patients, a 10 year retrospective study","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib18","article-title":"Tedizolid versus linezolid for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Lan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibiot. (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106783","article-title":"LInezolid monitoring to minimise toxicity (LIMMIT1): a multicentre retrospective review of patients receiving linezolid therapy and the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring","volume":"61","author":"Lau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jointm.2022.12.003","article-title":"Nomogram prediction model called \"ADPLCP\" for predicting linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia in elderly individuals","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Intensive Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.05.004","article-title":"Linezolid induced thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients: risk factors and development of a machine learning-based prediction model","volume":"28","author":"Maray","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00533-24","article-title":"Oxazolidinone antibiotics impair ex vivo megakaryocyte differentiation from hematopoietic progenitor cells and their maturation into platelets","volume":"68","author":"Milosevic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.06.082","article-title":"Roles of rho-associated kinase and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of aortic stiffness","volume":"49","author":"Noma","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt133","article-title":"High plasma linezolid concentration and impaired renal function affect development of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"68","author":"Nukui","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib25","article-title":"Effect of N-acetylcysteine administration on 30-day mortality in critically ill patients with septic shock caused by carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and acinetobacter baumannii: a retrospective case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Oliva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiot. (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127558","article-title":"Methotrexate promotes platelet apoptosis via JNK-mediated mitochondrial damage: alleviation by N-acetylcysteine and N-acetylcysteine amide","volume":"10","author":"Paul","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-024-02268-5","article-title":"An evaluation of sample size requirements for developing risk prediction models with binary outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Pavlou","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib28","first-page":"1162","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for development of thrombocytopenia in patients treated with linezolid for 7 days or greater","volume":"52","author":"Rabon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Pharm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib29","first-page":"1328","article-title":"ROCK (RhoA\/rho kinase) in cardiovascular\u2013renal","volume":"9","author":"Seccia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathophysiol. A Rev. N. Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5414\/CP204134","article-title":"Is increased rho kinase activity\/oxidative stress relationship the missing link for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia in dialysis patients?","volume":"60","author":"Sgarabotto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200511243532123","article-title":"Mitochondrial toxicity associated with linezolid","volume":"353","author":"Soriano","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib32","first-page":"3806","article-title":"Author correction: phase I study of the pharmacokinetics and safety of single and multiple doses of intravenous N-acetylcysteine in healthy Chinese subjects","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b16-00427","article-title":"Linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia is caused by suppression of platelet production via phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2","volume":"39","author":"Tajima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-010-0182-1","article-title":"Risk factors associated with the development of thrombocytopenia in patients who received linezolid therapy","volume":"17","author":"Takahashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286088","article-title":"Effect of linezolid on platelet count in critically ill patients with thrombocytopenia","volume":"18","author":"Tatsumi","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082380","article-title":"Linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia: assessment of risk factors in patients without hemato-oncologic diseases","volume":"13","author":"Thabit","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.22.1.109.33504","article-title":"Linezolid-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia","volume":"22","author":"Waldrep","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2014.21","article-title":"Effect of linezolid on hematological and oxidative parameters in rats","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-015-0352-0","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in patients receiving prolonged linezolid may be caused by oxidative stress","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S479658","article-title":"Using machine learning to predict linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia","volume":"18","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0121","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients receiving thromboprophylaxis: frequency, risk factors, and outcomes","volume":"144","author":"Williamson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.009","article-title":"Early postoperative acetaminophen administration and severe acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery","volume":"81","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-024-03652-2","article-title":"The effects of drug-drug interaction on linezolid pharmacokinetics: a systematic review","volume":"80","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-025-00874-7","article-title":"Development and validation of a nomogram to predict linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia in hospitalized adults","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2020.09.005","article-title":"A possible interaction between linezolid and digoxin: a case report of therapeutic drug monitoring","volume":"28","author":"Yulin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-023-03542-z","article-title":"Risk factors for thrombocytopenia in patients receiving linezolid therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6145","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S408102","article-title":"Effect of platelet parameters on linezolid-related thrombocytopenia in hospitalized patients","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668926000220?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668926000220?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:33:58Z","timestamp":1792517638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1382668926000220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S1382668926000220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-6689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-6689","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"N-acetylcysteine reduces incidence and duration of linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2026.104944","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104944"}}