{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:50:02Z","timestamp":1791654602531,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T06:55:31Z","timestamp":1787295331000},"page":"105143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spatial distribution of long-term ultrafine particle concentrations and systemic lupus erythematosus burden in central Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5444-0632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Guerrero-Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5857-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivet","family":"Etchegaray-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6967-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Mungu\u00eda-Realpozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6511-0759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Hinojosa-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5101-7705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Mendoza-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7463-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Socorro","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib1","article-title":"Exploring the immunomodulatory effects of environmental contaminants on autoimmune patients: an in vitro approach","volume":"12","author":"Acosta-Ampudia","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Transl. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v29","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa382","article-title":"Long-term outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: trends over time and major contributors","volume":"59","author":"Arnaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002123","article-title":"Associations between ambient fine particulate levels and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)","volume":"119","author":"Bernatsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78085","article-title":"Pouring fuel on the fire: Th17 cells, the environment, and autoimmunity","volume":"125","author":"Burkett","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110469","article-title":"The association between air pollution and hospitalization for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Chile: a daily time series analysis","volume":"192","author":"Cakmak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355770X24000251","article-title":"Is air pollution increasing in poorer localities of Mexico? Evidence from PM2.5 satellite data","volume":"30","author":"Chakraborti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib7","unstructured":"Consejo Nacional de Poblaci\u00f3n. Proyecciones de la poblaci\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico, 1950\u20132050 (CONAPO). [WWW Document], 2010. URL http:\/\/www.conapo.gob.mx\/es\/CONAPO\/Proyecciones. (accessed 2.20.25)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-022-05154-9","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus, a leading cause of death in young Mexican females: a nationwide population-based study, 2000-2020","volume":"42","author":"Etchegaray-Morales","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033211061479","article-title":"Air pollution influence on serum inflammatory interleukins: a prospective study in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous patients","volume":"30","author":"Farhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-06055-9","article-title":"Global high-resolution ultrafine particle number concentrations through data fusion with machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Georgiades","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25497","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus through the lens of social determinants of health","volume":"77","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001385","article-title":"Higher PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lupus Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033221078228","article-title":"Twenty-year trends in all-cause mortality of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Mexico: results from a nationwide health registry","volume":"31","author":"Mendoza-Pinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033221128745","article-title":"Trends in all-cause hospitalizations for systemic lupus erythematosus in Mexico, 2000-2019","volume":"31","author":"Mendoza-Pinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118964","article-title":"Ambient PM(2.5) and specific sources increase inflammatory cytokine responses to stimulators and reduce sensitivity to inhibitors","volume":"252","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-022-01409-3","article-title":"Associations between particulate matter air pollutants and hospitalization risk for systemic lupus erythematosus: a time-series study from Xi\u2019an, China","volume":"45","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib17","unstructured":"Public health data science in Mexico: from research to policy action [WWW Document], 2025. Unidad de Inteligencia en Salud P\u00fablica. URL https:\/\/uisp.insp.mx\/wp\/index.php\/public-health-data-science-in-mexico-from-research-to-policy-action\/ (accessed 10.15.25)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033221127569","article-title":"The effect of air pollution on systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Rezayat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-15878-w","article-title":"Correlations between human alveolar macrophage particulate matter load, air pollution particulate matter levels, and systemic inflammation markers in Mexico City","volume":"15","author":"Son","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41217","article-title":"A spatiotemporal analysis of organ-specific lupus flares in relation to atmospheric variables and fine particulate matter pollution","volume":"72","author":"Stojan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-025-00532-9","article-title":"Prevalence of autoimmune diseases is strongly associated with average annual temperatures: systematic review and linear regression analysis","volume":"9","author":"Voskarides","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib22","article-title":"Air pollution, emerging chemical exposures, and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-epidemiology study","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-021-00407-0","article-title":"Chronic exposure to PM2.5 aggravates SLE manifestations in lupus-prone mice","volume":"18","author":"Yariwake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.02.004","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus over the last decade: Data from a large population-based study","volume":"112","author":"Zen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83880-9","article-title":"Causal relationships between air pollution and common autoimmune diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319882503","article-title":"Effect of air pollution on hospital admissions for systemic lupus erythematosus in Bengbu, China: a time series study","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107920","article-title":"Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and multiple industrial air pollutant emissions: a large general population Canadian cohort analysis","volume":"174","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668926002218?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1382668926002218?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:28:52Z","timestamp":1791653332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1382668926002218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S1382668926002218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-6689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-6689","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spatial distribution of long-term ultrafine particle concentrations and systemic lupus erythematosus burden in central Mexico","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2026.105143","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105143"}}