{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:08:04Z","timestamp":1791346084378,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","eu-focus.europeanurology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Urology Focus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,2]],"date-time":"2016-09-02T07:11:11Z","timestamp":1472800271000},"page":"383-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Sexually Transmitted Disease and Male Infertility: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Mikkel","family":"Fode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Lipshultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Weidner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.09.009","article-title":"International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology, 2009","volume":"92","author":"Zegers-Hochschild","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.037","article-title":"Prevalence of infertility in the United States as estimated by the current duration approach and a traditional constructed approach","volume":"99","author":"Thoma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.7.996","article-title":"The relationship of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and male infertility","volume":"83","author":"Greendale","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.051","article-title":"The role of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in male infertility","volume":"91","author":"Joki-Korpela","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.05.015","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis infection is related to poor semen quality in young prostatitis patients","volume":"57","author":"Mazzoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00542.x","article-title":"Chlamydiae in the ejaculate: their influence on the quality and morphology of sperm","volume":"83","author":"Veznik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12391","article-title":"Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in infertile Bulgarian men with multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"123","author":"Ouzounova-Raykova","year":"2015","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12244","article-title":"Effect of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection on sperm quality in young heterosexual men with chronic prostatitis-related symptoms","volume":"113","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2008.00881.x","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis infection as a problem among male partners of infertile couples","volume":"41","author":"Ouzounova-Raykova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.111.013821","article-title":"Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections and seminal quality in infertile and fertile men in Kuwait","volume":"33","author":"Al-Sweih","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.05.018","article-title":"Molecular detection of potential sexually transmitted pathogens in semen and urine specimens of infertile and fertile males","volume":"77","author":"Abusarah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181761980","article-title":"Reproductive tract complications associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection in US Air Force males within 4 years of testing","volume":"35","author":"Trei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268804002195","article-title":"Association between Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies and subfertility in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966), at the age of 31 years","volume":"132","author":"Karinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00223.x","article-title":"Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis heat shock proteins Hsp60 and Hsp10 and subfertility in general population at age 31","volume":"52","author":"Karinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01717455","article-title":"Prevalence of genital chlamydia and mycoplasma infection in couples attending a male infertility clinic","volume":"10","author":"Samra","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.11.009","article-title":"Prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis infections, and semen quality in infertile and fertile men in China","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06637.x","article-title":"Toxic effect on human spermatozoa by Chlamydia trachomatis purified lipopolysaccharide","volume":"115","author":"Galdiero","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.2.293","article-title":"Co-incubation of human spermatozoa with Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E causes premature sperm death","volume":"16","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2011.01198.x","article-title":"The effect of bacterial contamination of semen on sperm chromatin integrity and standard semen parameters in men from infertile couples","volume":"44","author":"Rybar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0330","first-page":"314","article-title":"Acrosome reaction in Chlamydia-positive and negative patients","volume":"35","author":"Jungwirth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12224","article-title":"Male immunity to the chlamydial 60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP 60) - associated with semen quality?","volume":"47","author":"Eggert-Kruse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.10.063","article-title":"Absence of chlamydial deoxyribonucleic acid from testicular and epididymal samples from men with obstructive azoospermia","volume":"93","author":"Sripada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2006.00708.x","article-title":"Epididymal stereocilia in semen of infertile men: evidence of chronic epididymitis?","volume":"38","author":"Gonzalez-Jimenez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019410","article-title":"Antibodies to chlamydia trachomatis in semen and relationship with parameters of male fertility","volume":"11","author":"Eggert-Kruse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.7.1464","article-title":"Chlamydial serology in 1303 asymptomatic subfertile couples","volume":"12","author":"Eggert-Kruse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.02.044","article-title":"Concordance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in infertile couples: impact on semen parameters","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1997.tb00319.x","article-title":"The correlation of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection with infertility","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3960","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2007.3960.3963","article-title":"Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum in semen of infertile men by PCR","volume":"10","author":"Zeighami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pak J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2006.00190.x","article-title":"Do Ureaplasma urealyticum infections in the genital tract affect semen quality?","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005372","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005372","article-title":"Unusually low prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in urine samples from infertile men and healthy controls: a prevalence study","volume":"4","author":"Plecko","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del032","article-title":"Mycoplasma hominis attaches to and locates intracellularly in human spermatozoa","volume":"21","author":"Diaz-Garcia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.10.2756","article-title":"Ureaplasma urealyticum reduces motility and induces membrane alterations in human spermatozoa","volume":"13","author":"Nunez-Calonge","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.4.1041","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro impairment of human and ram sperm nuclear chromatin integrity by sexually transmitted Ureaplasma urealyticum infection","volume":"63","author":"Reichart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01171-06","article-title":"Screening of an antigen target for immunocontraceptives from cross-reactive antigens between human sperm and Ureaplasma urealyticum","volume":"75","author":"Shi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000473620","volume":"19","author":"Osegbe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58285-3","article-title":"Interference of human spermatozoal motility by trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"118","author":"Tuttle","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0415","first-page":"484","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis: preliminary characterization of a sperm motility inhibiting factor","volume":"18","author":"Jarecki-Black","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01135682","article-title":"Semen characteristics of asymptomatic males affected by Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"7","author":"Gopalkrishnan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2014.00232.x","article-title":"Detection and quantification of human herpes viruses types 4-6 in sperm samples of patients with fertility disorders and chronic inflammatory urogenital tract diseases","volume":"2","author":"Naumenko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.10.050","article-title":"Human papillomavirus found in sperm head of young adult males affects the progressive motility","volume":"93","author":"Foresta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.09.017","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of male infertility: a population-based analysis","volume":"102","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2007.00818.x","article-title":"Sperm ultrastructure and meiotic segregation in a group of patients with chronic hepatitis B and C","volume":"40","author":"Moretti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.05.014","article-title":"Semen and hormonal parameters in men with chronic hepatitis C infection","volume":"95","author":"Hofny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0450","first-page":"15","article-title":"Effects of clinical stage and immunological status on semen analysis results in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive men","volume":"30","author":"Muller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23991","article-title":"Factors affecting sperm fertilizing capacity in men infected with HIV","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/014850190924124","article-title":"STD\/HIV association: effects on semen characteristics","volume":"51","author":"Umapathy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Androl"}],"container-title":["European Urology Focus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405456916301109?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405456916301109?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T06:46:10Z","timestamp":1762497970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405456916301109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405456916301109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4569","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sexually Transmitted Disease and Male Infertility: A Systematic Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Urology Focus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2016.08.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}