{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:48:39Z","timestamp":1776779319516,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","eu-focus.europeanurology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Urology Focus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T01:09:19Z","timestamp":1573261759000},"page":"791-800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Male Sexual and Reproductive Health\u2014Does the Urologist Have a Role in Addressing Gender Inequality in Life Expectancy?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tharu","family":"Tharakan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Bettocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulla N.","family":"Joensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ates","family":"Kadioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan I.","family":"Mart\u00ednez Salamanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ege C.","family":"Serefoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Verze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Darraugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Plass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"N\u2019Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Salonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1010-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suks","family":"Minhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0005","series-title":"The health and well-being of men in the WHO European region: better health through a gender approach","author":"The WHO Regional Office for Europe","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0010","unstructured":"Public Health England. Chapter 1: population change and trends in life expectancy\u2014GOV.UK. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/health-profile-for-england-2018\/chapter-1-population-change-and-trends-in-life-expectancy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31891-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0020","series-title":"World report on road traffic injury prevention","author":"Peden","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68895-8","article-title":"Reducing inequalities from injuries in Europe","volume":"368","author":"Sethi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0030","series-title":"Injuries and violence in Europe. Why they matter and what can be done","author":"Sethi","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0035","series-title":"Revised global burden of disease (GBD) 2002 estimates","author":"WHO","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1089\/vio.2017.0016","article-title":"Gender differences in patterns and trends in U.S. homicide, 1976\u20132015","volume":"4","author":"Fox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Violence Gend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0045","series-title":"Preamble to the constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York","author":"WHO","year":"1946"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0050","series-title":"Getting it sorted: a policy programme for men\u2019s health","author":"Men\u2019s Health Forum","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0055","first-page":"30","article-title":"What is men\u2019s health? A definition","volume":"13","author":"Bardehle","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Mens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0060","series-title":"World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0065","series-title":"European cardiovascular disease statistics, 2017 edition","author":"European Heart Network","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-3-7","article-title":"Sex differences in primary hypertension","volume":"3","author":"Sandberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.2014.929488","article-title":"Gender differences in hypertension and hypertension awareness among young adults","volume":"61","author":"Everett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biodemogr Soc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0080","series-title":"Gender, women and the tobacco epidemic","author":"WHO","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012477","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia in early adulthood increases long-term risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"131","author":"Navar-Boggan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.11.1343","article-title":"The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)\u2014importance then and now","volume":"300","author":"Stamler","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(91)90022-U","article-title":"Fat distribution and gender differences in serum lipids in men and women from four European communities","volume":"87","author":"Seidell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0100","first-page":"42","article-title":"Atherogenesis: why women live longer than men","volume":"40","author":"Hazzard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0105","unstructured":"The WHO Global Monitoring Framework on Noncommunicable Diseases. Progress towards achieving the targets for the WHO European region. http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0003\/340869\/Report-3.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02763-8","article-title":"Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study","volume":"41","author":"Bairey Merz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.11.031","article-title":"Estrogen improves cardiac recovery after ischemia\/reperfusion by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1","volume":"69","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906103402306","article-title":"The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system","volume":"340","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30054-X","article-title":"Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19\u00b72 million participants","volume":"387","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2313-3","article-title":"Do men develop type 2 diabetes at lower body mass indices than women?","volume":"54","author":"Logue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60361-4","article-title":"Trends in diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality in Ontario, Canada 1995\u20132005: a population-based study","volume":"369","author":"Lipscombe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2228","article-title":"Prevalence and management of diabetes in Korean adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1998\u20132005","volume":"32","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60484-9","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies","volume":"375","author":"The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0150","unstructured":"The Health and Social Care Information Centre. Statistics on smoking\u2014England, 2009\u2014NHS Digital. https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data-and-information\/publications\/statistical\/statistics-on-smoking\/statistics-on-smoking-england-2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2010.02410.x","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease prediction: evidence-based guidance and consensus","volume":"64","author":"Jackson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901425","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction as an early sign of cardiovascular disease","volume":"17","author":"Billups","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16003","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.3","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction","volume":"2","author":"Yafi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01792.x","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction and risk of clinical cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of seven cohort studies","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043673","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular events in diabetic men: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"7","author":"Yamada","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.024","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"58","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X17725809","article-title":"The relationship of erectile dysfunction and subclinical cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Osondu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2318-3","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"36","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.112.966903","article-title":"Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with erectile dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Vlachopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12232","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in white European men presenting for primary couple\u2019s infertility: investigation of the clinical and reproductive burden","volume":"4","author":"Ventimiglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.003731","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and male infertility","volume":"29","author":"Kasturi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.011","article-title":"Increased risk of incident chronic medical conditions in infertile men: analysis of United States claims data","volume":"105","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0087-y","article-title":"Paediatric and adult-onset male hypogonadism","volume":"5","author":"Salonia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14558","article-title":"Undiagnosed prediabetes is highly prevalent in primary infertile men\u2014results from a cross-sectional study","volume":"123","author":"Boeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex097","article-title":"Risk of diabetes according to male factor infertility: a register-based cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Glazer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cazzaniga W, Capogrosso P, Ventimiglia E, et al. High blood pressure is a highly prevalent but unrecognised condition in primary infertile men: results of a cross-sectional study. Eur Urol Focus. In press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EUF.2018.07.030.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2018.07.030"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu106","article-title":"Semen quality, infertility and mortality in the USA","volume":"29","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp168","article-title":"Good semen quality and life expectancy: a cohort study of 43,277 men","volume":"170","author":"Jensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901521","article-title":"Physical activity and erectile dysfunction: meta-analysis of population-based studies","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0250","article-title":"Smoking and risk of erectile dysfunction: systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.06.031","article-title":"Association between socio-psycho-behavioral factors and male semen quality: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"95","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx006","article-title":"Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"23","author":"Salas-Huetos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-8-24","article-title":"Does weight loss improve semen quality and reproductive hormones? Results from a cohort of severely obese men","volume":"8","author":"H\u00e5konsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.24.2978","article-title":"Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men","volume":"291","author":"Esposito","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.05162.x","article-title":"Do cigarette smokers with erectile dysfunction benefit from stopping?: a prospective study","volume":"94","author":"Pourmand","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.6.681","article-title":"Ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease","volume":"89","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.05.004","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction: AUA guideline","volume":"200","author":"Burnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0290","series-title":"EAU guidelines on erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, penile curvature and priapism","author":"Hatzimouratidis","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2008.00363.x","article-title":"Do lifestyle changes work for improving erectile dysfunction?","volume":"10","author":"Horasanli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S004","article-title":"Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142019","volume":"42","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1233","article-title":"Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes and\/or metabolic syndrome (the TIMES2 study)","volume":"34","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02166","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"154","author":"Kapoor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1518","article-title":"Insulin resistance and inflammation in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and their reduction after testosterone replacement in men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Dhindsa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2018.1468429","article-title":"The impact of testosterone replacement therapy on glycemic control, vascular function, and components of the metabolic syndrome in obese hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Groti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01991.x","article-title":"Testosterone and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis study","volume":"8","author":"Corona","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0480-2","article-title":"Testosterone supplementation and body composition: results from a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"39","author":"Corona","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03845.x","article-title":"Effects of testosterone supplementation on markers of the metabolic syndrome and inflammation in hypogonadal men with the metabolic syndrome: the double-blinded placebo-controlled Moscow study","volume":"73","author":"Kalinchenko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2014.950653","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk associated with testosterone-boosting medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Corona","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.09.017","article-title":"Cardiovascular risks of exogenous testosterone use among men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"Alexander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-108","article-title":"Testosterone therapy and cardiovascular events among men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2575","article-title":"Clinical review 1: adverse effects of testosterone therapy in adult men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Balsells","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287215617648","article-title":"An update on the role of testosterone replacement therapy in the management of hypogonadism","volume":"8","author":"Hackett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.04.641","article-title":"Testosterone and cardiovascular risk: meta-analysis of interventional studies","volume":"15","author":"Corona","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.07.005","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries and 25 major cancers in 2018","volume":"103","author":"Ferlay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-016-1914-3","article-title":"Prostate cancer progression and mortality: a review of diet and lifestyle factors","volume":"35","author":"Peisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.5304","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy and risk of favorable and aggressive prostate cancer","volume":"35","author":"Loeb","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0405-5","article-title":"Lifetime risk of being diagnosed with, or dying from, prostate cancer by major ethnic group in England 2008\u20132010","volume":"13","author":"Lloyd","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0390","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Cancer statistics review, 1975\u20132014\u2014SEER statistics. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/archive\/csr\/1975_2014\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa074311","article-title":"Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors","volume":"358","author":"Sanda","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.08.074","article-title":"Long-term health-related quality of life after primary treatment for localized prostate cancer: results from the CaPSURE Registry","volume":"68","author":"Punnen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0801454","article-title":"Preservation of fertility in patients with cancer","volume":"360","author":"Jeruss","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.5.972","article-title":"Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects","volume":"16","author":"Skakkebaek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs206","article-title":"Of mice and men (and rats): phthalate-induced fetal testis endocrine disruption is species-dependent","volume":"129","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.10.004","article-title":"Perinatal exposure of rats to bisphenol A affects the fertility of male offspring","volume":"85","author":"Salian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.006","article-title":"A crossover-crossback prospective study of dibutyl-phthalate exposure from mesalamine medications and semen quality in men with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"95","author":"Nassan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.110.010413","article-title":"Relationship between urine bisphenol-A level and declining male sexual function","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2015.09.006","article-title":"A review of the carcinogenic potential of bisphenol A","volume":"59","author":"Seachrist","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s50","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1129","article-title":"Environmental obesogens: organotins and endocrine disruption via nuclear receptor signaling","volume":"147","author":"Gr\u00fcn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.9.1958","article-title":"Fertility and offspring sex ratio of men who develop testicular cancer: a record linkage study","volume":"15","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.05.022","article-title":"Increased risk of cancer among azoospermic men","volume":"100","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0455","first-page":"1635","article-title":"Male infertility and prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study","volume":"21","author":"Ruhayel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.10.028","article-title":"Genetic intersection of male infertility and cancer","volume":"109","author":"Nagirnaja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.11.005","article-title":"Male infertility: a biomarker of individual and familial cancer risk","volume":"109","author":"Hanson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324754","article-title":"Men: good health and high mortality. Sex differences in health and aging","volume":"20","author":"Oksuzyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-010-0170-4","article-title":"Gender gap in health expectancy","volume":"7","author":"Oksuzyan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2011.631542","article-title":"\u2018Oh, I\u2019m just, you know, a little bit weak because I\u2019m going to the doctor\u2019s\u2019: young men\u2019s talk of self-referral to primary healthcare services","volume":"27","author":"Jeffries","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdm072","article-title":"Are men seeking medical advice too late? Contacts to general practitioners and hospital admissions in Denmark 2005","volume":"30","author":"Juel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Public Health (Bangkok)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.164","article-title":"Cancer symptom awareness and barriers to symptomatic presentation in England\u2014are we clear on cancer?","volume":"113","author":"Niksic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-014-1379-1","article-title":"Awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus-related diseases are still dramatically insufficient in the era of high-coverage vaccination programs","volume":"33","author":"Capogrosso","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyu009","article-title":"Health improvement for men and hard-to-engage-men delivered in English Premier League football clubs","volume":"29","author":"Pringle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2009.02290.x","article-title":"Are men shortchanged on health? Perspective on health care utilization and health risk behavior in men and women in the United States","volume":"64","author":"Pinkhasov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0510","series-title":"Atlas on mortality in the European Union","author":"Jougla","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.03.050","article-title":"The gender paradox in suicidal behavior and its impact on the suicidal process","volume":"138","author":"Schrijvers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1230","article-title":"The accessibility and acceptability of self-management support interventions for men with long term conditions: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies","volume":"14","author":"Galdas","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.03.001","article-title":"Are infertile men less healthy than fertile men? Results of a prospective case-control survey","volume":"56","author":"Salonia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.10.017","article-title":"Relationship between semen production and medical comorbidity","volume":"103","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.04.020","article-title":"Infertility as a proxy of general male health: results of a cross-sectional survey","volume":"104","author":"Ventimiglia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115319","article-title":"The epidemiology of testicular cancer in upstate New York","volume":"130","author":"Haughey","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7183.559","article-title":"Risk of testicular cancer in subfertile men: case-control study","volume":"318","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7264.789","article-title":"Risk of testicular cancer in men with abnormal semen characteristics: cohort study","volume":"321","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh012","article-title":"Fecundity and twinning rates as measures of fertility before diagnosis of germ-cell testicular cancer","volume":"96","author":"Richiardi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0560","first-page":"651","article-title":"Subfertility and the risk of testicular germ cell tumors (United States)","volume":"16","author":"Doria-Rose","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000177491.98461.aa","article-title":"Increased incidence of testicular cancer in men presenting with infertility and abnormal semen analysis","volume":"174","author":"Raman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0570","first-page":"295","article-title":"Fertility patterns prior to testicular cancer diagnosis","volume":"16","author":"Baker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00798.x","article-title":"Testicular carcinoma in situ in subfertile Danish men","volume":"30","author":"Olesen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.562","article-title":"Increased risk of testicular germ cell cancer among infertile men","volume":"169","author":"Walsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.11.080","article-title":"Increased risk of cancer in infertile men: analysis of U.S. claims data","volume":"193","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.10.027","article-title":"Subfertility increases risk of testicular cancer: evidence from population-based semen samples","volume":"105","author":"Hanson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25075","article-title":"Increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer among infertile men","volume":"116","author":"Walsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["European Urology Focus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405456919303311?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405456919303311?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T06:49:42Z","timestamp":1762498182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405456919303311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405456919303311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4569","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Male Sexual and Reproductive Health\u2014Does the Urologist Have a Role in Addressing Gender Inequality in Life Expectancy?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Urology Focus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2019.10.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}