{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:14:59Z","timestamp":1783383299318,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003083","name":"European Association of Urology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","eu-focus.europeanurology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Urology Focus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T11:04:12Z","timestamp":1616324652000},"page":"447-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Intravesical Therapy in Patients with Intermediate-risk Non\u2013muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Disease Recurrence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8953-0272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Laukhtina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abufaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdallah","family":"Al-Ani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Rami","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichiro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Moschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Quhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Sari Motlagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Pradere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Schuettfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Mostafaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico C.","family":"Grossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harun","family":"Fajkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Soria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Enikeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh F.","family":"Shariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0005","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2019","volume":"69","author":"Siegel","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0010","first-page":"394","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13760","article-title":"Guideline of guidelines: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"119","author":"Woldu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12012","article-title":"Current clinical practice gaps in the treatment of intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with emphasis on the use of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG): results of an international individual patient data survey (IPDS)","volume":"112","author":"Witjes","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.06.045","article-title":"EORTC nomograms and risk groups for predicting recurrence, progression, and disease-specific and overall survival in non-muscle-invasive stage Ta\u2013T1 urothelial bladder cancer patients treated with 1\u20133 years of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin","volume":"69","author":"Cambier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.016","article-title":"Predicting nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence and progression in patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin: the CUETO scoring model","volume":"182","author":"Fernandez-Gomez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.372","article-title":"Accuracy of the EORTC risk tables and of the CUETO scoring model to predict outcomes in non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"109","author":"Xylinas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.02.001","article-title":"Impact of histological variants on oncological outcomes of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy","volume":"49","author":"Xylinas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.09.038","article-title":"Predictive value of cell cycle biomarkers in nonmuscle invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma","volume":"177","author":"Shariat","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00236-X","article-title":"Association of p53 and p21 expression with clinical outcome in patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder","volume":"61","author":"Shariat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-017-2116-3","article-title":"Accuracy and prognostic value of variant histology and lymphovascular invasion at transurethral resection of bladder","volume":"36","author":"Abufaraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14417","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of lymphovascular invasion in bladder cancer transurethral resection specimens","volume":"123","author":"Mari","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.016","article-title":"European Association of Urology guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (TaT1 and carcinoma in situ)\u20142019 update","volume":"76","author":"Babjuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1054","article-title":"Automating network meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"van Valkenhoef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0060-8","article-title":"Ranking treatments in frequentist network meta-analysis works without resampling methods","volume":"15","author":"R\u00fccker","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016","article-title":"Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial","volume":"64","author":"Salanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.06.038","article-title":"Value of an immediate intravesical instillation of mitomycin C in patients with non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a prospective multicentre randomised study in 2243 patients","volume":"73","author":"Bosschieter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2018.10.019","article-title":"The value of immediate postoperative intravesical epirubicin instillation as an adjunct to standard adjuvant treatment in intermediate and high-risk non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a preliminary results of randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Elsawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22342","article-title":"Comparing the treatment outcomes of potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser vaporization and transurethral electroresection for primary nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.3913","article-title":"Two micrometer continuous-wave thulium laser treating primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: is it feasible? A randomized prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/UA.UA_29_19","article-title":"Monthly maintenance protocol bacillus Calmette-Guerin as a viable alternative to Southwest Oncology Group maintenance protocol in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: a prospective randomized study","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.09.020","article-title":"BOXIT\u2014a randomised phase III placebo-controlled trial evaluating the addition of celecoxib to standard treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (CRUK\/07\/004)","volume":"75","author":"Kelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12740","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012740","volume":"97","author":"Naya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.10.039","article-title":"Final results of an EORTC-GU Cancers Group randomized study of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin in intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: one-third dose versus full dose and 1 year versus 3 years of maintenance","volume":"63","author":"Oddens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.04.062","volume":"52","author":"Ojea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.09153.x","article-title":"A 1-year maintenance after early adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy has a limited efficacy in preventing recurrence of intermediate risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"106","author":"Serretta","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.12.024","volume":"57","author":"Sylvester","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1159\/000300571","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of single or double intravesical epirubicin instillation in the early postoperative period to prevent recurrences in non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: prospective, randomized multicenter study","volume":"85","author":"T\u00fcrkeri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.06.049","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: AUA\/SUO guideline","volume":"196","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.05.050","article-title":"Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing a single immediate instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection with transurethral resection alone in patients with stage pTa\u2013pT1 urothelial carcinoma","volume":"69","author":"Sylvester","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2572","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002572","article-title":"Combination of intravesical chemotherapy and bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus bacillus Calmette-Guerin monotherapy in intermediate- and high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000544","article-title":"What to do during bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin shortage? Valid strategies based on evidence","volume":"28","author":"Abufaraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0170","first-page":"298","article-title":"Effective dose and adverse effects of maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin in intermediate and high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial","volume":"46","author":"Astram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Med Indones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.12.014","article-title":"Can intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin reduce recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer? A meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"67","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.038","article-title":"An individual patient data meta-analysis of the long-term outcome of randomised studies comparing intravesical mitomycin C versus bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"56","author":"Malmstr\u00f6m","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2020.06.013","article-title":"Low compliance to guidelines in nonmuscle-invasive bladder carcinoma: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Mori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.125","article-title":"Characteristics and clinical significance of histological variants of bladder cancer","volume":"14","author":"Moschini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0195","first-page":"30093","article-title":"Does variant histology change management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer?","volume":"S2588-9311(19","author":"Burger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.09.006","article-title":"A consensus molecular classification of muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"77","author":"Kamoun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/23808993.2020.1768845","article-title":"Prognostic models to help predict patient responses to intravesical immunotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Laukhtina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Precis Med Drug Dev"}],"container-title":["European Urology Focus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240545692100095X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240545692100095X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T06:51:31Z","timestamp":1762498291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S240545692100095X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S240545692100095X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4569","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intravesical Therapy in Patients with Intermediate-risk Non\u2013muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Disease Recurrence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Urology Focus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2021.03.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}