{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:06:15Z","timestamp":1790877975352,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","eu-focus.europeanurology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Urology Focus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T12:39:29Z","timestamp":1766147969000},"page":"725-734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin\u2013exposed Non\u2013muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Survival Benchmarks, Bladder-sparing Strategies, and Implications for Trial Design"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5947-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Behzad","family":"Jazayeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renzo G.","family":"DiNatale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Guske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Harrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Linscott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Facundo","family":"Davaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lexiaochuan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe E.","family":"Spiess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wade J.","family":"Sexton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan","family":"Zemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Poch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1170124","article-title":"Intermediate and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an overview of epidemiology, burden, and unmet needs","volume":"13","author":"Grabe-Heyne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0010","first-page":"43","article-title":"Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: overview and contemporary treatment landscape of neoadjuvant chemoablative therapies","volume":"22","author":"Matulewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3233\/BLC-159002","article-title":"Clarification of bladder cancer disease states following treatment of patients with intravesical BCG","volume":"1","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bladder Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0020","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: developing drugs and biologics for treatment. Guidance for industry. Silver Spring, MD: FDA; 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.12.005","article-title":"International Bladder Cancer Group consensus statement on clinical trial design for patients with bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin-exposed high-risk non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"82","author":"Roumigui\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00178-5","article-title":"Pembrolizumab monotherapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer without carcinoma in situ and unresponsive to BCG (KEYNOTE-057): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial","volume":"25","author":"Necchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30540-4","article-title":"Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec gene therapy for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a single-arm, open-label, repeat-dose clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Boorjian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0040","article-title":"IL-15 superagonist NAI in BCG-unresponsive non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"2","author":"Chamie","year":"2022","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16509","article-title":"Long\u2010term outcomes of bladder\u2010sparing therapy vs radical cystectomy in BCG\u2010unresponsive non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer","volume":"135","author":"Taylor","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2019-0817","article-title":"KEYNOTE-676: Phase III study of BCG and pembrolizumab for persistent\/recurrent high-risk NMIBC","volume":"16","author":"Kamat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0055","article-title":"CORE-008: a phase 2, multi-arm, multi-cohort, open-label study to evaluate intravesical cretostimogene grenadenorepvec in participants with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer","volume":"43","author":"Bivalacqua","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2024.12.137","article-title":"SunRISe-5: a phase 3, randomized, open-label study of TAR-200 compared with intravesical chemotherapy after bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin in recurrent high-risk non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"43","author":"Porten","year":"2025","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.02.031","article-title":"Papillary recurrence of bladder cancer at first evaluation after induction bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin therapy: implication for clinical trial design","volume":"70","author":"Mmeje","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.09.028","article-title":"Prognostic implication of the United States Food and Drug Administration-defined BCG-unresponsive disease","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)40067-X","article-title":"The response of patients with superficial bladder cancer to a second course of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin","volume":"143","author":"Bretton","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32741-6","article-title":"Durability of the tumor-free response for intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy","volume":"152","author":"Nadler","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00591-9","article-title":"Long-term results of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin therapy for stage T1 superficial bladder cancer","volume":"55","author":"Brake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)39546-0","article-title":"Long-term followup of patients treated with 1 or 2, 6-week courses of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin: analysis of possible predictors of response free of tumor","volume":"144","author":"Coplen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)42722-4","article-title":"Results of 6 weekly intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations on the treatment of superficial bladder tumors","volume":"139","author":"Kavoussi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.05.022","article-title":"Assessing the impact of treatment timing protocols in clinical trials for bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin\u2013unresponsive non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"8","author":"Guske","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.04.031","article-title":"SWOG S0353: phase II trial of intravesical gemcitabine in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and recurrence after 2 prior courses of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin","volume":"190","author":"Sinner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["European Urology Focus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405456925003670?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405456925003670?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:31:09Z","timestamp":1790875869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405456925003670"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405456925003670"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4569","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin\u2013exposed Non\u2013muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Survival Benchmarks, Bladder-sparing Strategies, and Implications for Trial Design","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Urology Focus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2025.12.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}