{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T01:19:53Z","timestamp":1768785593243,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":96,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Integrative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T06:01:36Z","timestamp":1681452096000},"page":"102253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Olfactory training with essential oils for patients with post-COVID-19 smell dysfunction: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Davide","family":"Donelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Valussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0049","first-page":"31","article-title":"Residual olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients after long term recovery","volume":"93","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci. Off. J. Neurosurg. Soc. Aust."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00477","article-title":"Mechanism of anosmia caused by symptoms of COVID-19 and emerging treatments","volume":"12","author":"Najafloo","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40521-021-00297-9","article-title":"Management of post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3109\/19390211.2013.830679","article-title":"The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case report guideline development","volume":"10","author":"Gagnier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0008","series-title":"The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics","author":"Emanuel","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0019","unstructured":"Journals\u2019 best practices for ensuring consent for publishing medical case reports: guidance from COPE, COPE: Committee on Publication Ethics. https:\/\/publicationethics.org\/resources\/guidelines\/journals%E2%80%99-best-practices-ensuring-consent-publishing-medical-case-reports (accessed 4 April 2023)."},{"issue":"6876","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/416027a","article-title":"Neurobiology: a cool ion channel","volume":"416","author":"Zuker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00150-3","article-title":"Noxious cold ion channel TRPA1 is activated by pungent compounds and Bradykinin","volume":"41","author":"Bandell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0041","first-page":"116","article-title":"Monoterpenoids induce agonist-specific desensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) ion channels","volume":"12","author":"Sherkheli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. Pub. Can. Soc. Pharm. Sci. Societe Canadienne Des Sciences Pharmaceutiques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0039","unstructured":"Edmond Roudnitska: Le Parfum Synopsis Based On the 6th Edition (2000). http:\/\/www.scentedpages.com\/pdf\/le_parfum.pdf (accessed 9 August 2022)."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00307.x","article-title":"Compounds from sichuan and melegueta peppers activate, covalently and non-covalently, TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels","volume":"157","author":"Riera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-021-09772-y","article-title":"Linalool inhibits the angiogenic activity of endothelial cells by downregulating intracellular ATP levels and activating TRPM8","volume":"24","author":"Becker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2307\/1413745","article-title":"Der Geruch","volume":"32","author":"Gamble","year":"1921","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2006.05.005","article-title":"More than cool: promiscuous relationships of menthol and other sensory compounds","volume":"32","author":"Macpherson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1692","article-title":"Oregano, thyme and clove-derived flavors and skin sensitizers activate specific TRP channels","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0265-3_10","article-title":"TRPM8 in health and disease: cold sensing and beyond","volume":"704","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.025","article-title":"Eugenol and carvacrol induce temporally desensitizing patterns of oral irritation and enhance innocuous warmth and noxious heat sensation on the tongue","volume":"154","author":"Klein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2008.11.009","article-title":"Carvacrol is a novel inhibitor of drosophila TRPL and mammalian TRPM7 channels","volume":"45","author":"Parnas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0042","first-page":"86","article-title":"1,8-Cineole, a TRPM8 agonist, is a novel natural antagonist of human TRPA1","volume":"8","author":"Takaishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s12078-012-9127-7","article-title":"Development of a brief self-report inventory to measure olfactory dysfunction and quality of life in patients with problems with the sense of smell","volume":"5","author":"Pusswald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosens. Percept."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0034","first-page":"3485","article-title":"Long-lasting olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients","volume":"279","author":"Prem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Off. J. Eur. Fed. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Soc. Affil. German Soc. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1230-2","article-title":"Olfactory bulb volume and depth of olfactory sulcus in patients with idiopathic olfactory loss","author":"Rombaux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520390066018","article-title":"Post-traumatic anosmia. Ultrastructural correlates","volume":"46","author":"Jafek","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070230202","article-title":"Ultrastructural histopathology of human olfactory dysfunction","volume":"23","author":"Moran","year":"1992","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0044","first-page":"513","article-title":"Plasticity in the olfactory system: lessons for the neurobiology of memory","volume":"10","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Rev. J. Bringing Neurobiol. Neurol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10552.x","article-title":"Induced peripheral sensitivity in the developing vertebrate olfactory system","volume":"855","author":"Hudson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01275-M","article-title":"Enhancement of odorant-induced mucosal activity patterns in rats trained on an odorant identification task","volume":"670","author":"Youngentob","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0005","series-title":"Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation","first-page":"381","article-title":"Objective assessment of a new olfactory rehabilitation approach in adults with olfactory impairments using functional magnetic resonance (fMRI)","author":"Borromeo","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24340","article-title":"Olfactory training is helpful in postinfectious olfactory loss: a randomized, controlled, multicenter study","volume":"124","author":"Damm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131209100508","article-title":"Active olfactory training for the treatment of smelling disorders","volume":"91","author":"Fleiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0012","first-page":"1557","article-title":"Olfactory training for patients with olfactory loss after upper respiratory tract infections","volume":"271","author":"Gei\u00dfler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Off. J. Eur. Fed. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Soc. Affil. German Soc. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61680","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061680","article-title":"Olfactory training in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"8","author":"Haehner","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20101","article-title":"Effects of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss","volume":"119","author":"Hummel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"December","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0022","article-title":"Recovery of olfactory function induces neuroplasticity effects in patients with smell loss","volume":"2014","author":"Kollndorfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24390","article-title":"Use of olfactory training in post-traumatic and postinfectious olfactory dysfunction","author":"Konstantinidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.054726","article-title":"Evidence for peripheral plasticity in human odour response","volume":"554","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22320","article-title":"The neuroplastic effect of olfactory training to the recovery of olfactory system in mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8063","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1639-6","article-title":"Olfactory training prevents olfactory dysfunction induced by bulbar excitotoxic lesions: role of neurogenesis and dopaminergic interneurons","volume":"56","author":"Marin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0403-19.2020","article-title":"Differential effects of nasal inflammation and odor deprivation on layer-specific degeneration of the mouse olfactory bulb","volume":"7","author":"Hasegawa-Ishii","year":"2020","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0017","first-page":"330","article-title":"Olfactory training changes electrophysiological responses at the level of the olfactory epithelium","volume":"56","author":"Hummel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.22.2.267","article-title":"Influence of training and experience on the perception of multicomponent odor mixtures","volume":"22","author":"Livermore","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs230","article-title":"Orbitofrontal cortex and olfactory bulb volume predict distinct aspects of olfactory performance in healthy subjects","volume":"23","author":"Seubert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.09.004","article-title":"Olfactory training induces changes in regional functional connectivity in patients with long-term smell loss","volume":"9","author":"Kollndorfer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9567-9","article-title":"Changes in olfactory bulb volume following lateralized olfactory training","volume":"11","author":"Negoias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0007","series-title":"Flavor","first-page":"149","article-title":"6 - Olfactory integration and odor perception","author":"Duchamp-Viret","year":"2023"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25245","article-title":"Modified olfactory training in patients with postinfectious olfactory loss","volume":"125","author":"Altundag","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0004","series-title":"Taste and Smell","first-page":"73","article-title":"Chemical activation of sensory TRP channels","author":"Boonen","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0050","series-title":"Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Cation Channels: Volume II","first-page":"917","article-title":"TRPs in olfaction","author":"Zufall","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000735","article-title":"Olfactory and taste dysfunctions in COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Rouadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"June","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0025","article-title":"Chemical constituents of essential oils used in olfactory training: focus on COVID-19 induced olfactory dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Koyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253_bib0048","first-page":"478","article-title":"Workshop 3\u2013source of bias in case series, patient cohorts, and randomised controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. J.\u00a0=\u00a0Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi \/Hong Kong Acad. Med."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187638202300029X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187638202300029X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T17:25:32Z","timestamp":1761758732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187638202300029X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S187638202300029X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-3820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-3820","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Olfactory training with essential oils for patients with post-COVID-19 smell dysfunction: A case series","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eujim.2023.102253","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102253"}}