{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T12:08:55Z","timestamp":1788091735682,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-00331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-00331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006069","name":"Cancel League of Basel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KLbB-5580-02-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLbB-5580-02-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011851","name":"Fight against Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STI.VLK.2022.0005.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STI.VLK.2022.0005.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011851","name":"Fight against Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STI.VLK.2020.0006.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STI.VLK.2020.0006.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002794","name":"Swedish Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["211610P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["211610P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","euoncology.europeanurology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Urology Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T15:22:02Z","timestamp":1745248922000},"page":"1486-1495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prognostic Value of the Circulating Tumor DNA Fraction in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Results from the ProBio Platform Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alessio","family":"Crippa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bram De","family":"Laere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Discacciati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne","family":"D\u2019hondt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Hj\u00e4lm-Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linn","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunilla","family":"Enblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Ull\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolaas","family":"Lumen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla Thellenberg","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Sandz\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elin","family":"J\u00e4nes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Ghysel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brieuc","family":"Sautois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schatteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy De","family":"Roock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siska Van","family":"Bruwaene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrida","family":"Verbiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Darras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Els","family":"Everaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daan De","family":"Maeseneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Anden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"Strijbos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisy","family":"Luyten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashkan","family":"Mortezavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Oldenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piet","family":"Ost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Gr\u00f6nberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02068-8","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA as a novel prognostic indicator","volume":"28","author":"Vivancos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.09.163","article-title":"Prognostic value of plasma circulating tumor DNA fraction across four common cancer types: a real-world outcomes study","volume":"34","author":"Reichert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2023.101702","article-title":"Overview of the role of liquid biopsy in cancer management","volume":"34","author":"Assi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-2998","article-title":"Early on-treatment changes in circulating tumor DNA fraction and response to enzalutamide or abiraterone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"29","author":"Tolmeijer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199507000-00005","article-title":"Dose-response and trend analysis in epidemiology: alternatives to categorical analysis","volume":"6","author":"Greenland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2331","article-title":"Dichotomizing continuous predictors in multiple regression: a bad idea","volume":"25","author":"Royston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors","volume":"15","author":"Harrell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04515-8","article-title":"The ProBio trial: molecular biomarkers for advancing personalized treatment decision in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"21","author":"Crippa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2022.03.005","article-title":"Clinical trial protocol for ProBio: an outcome-adaptive and randomised multiarm biomarker-driven study in patients with metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"De Laere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03204-2","article-title":"Androgen receptor pathway inhibitors and taxanes in metastatic prostate cancer: an outcome-adaptive randomized platform trial","volume":"30","author":"De Laere","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayrhofer M, Bergstr\u00f6m R, Chellappa V, et al. Sensitive detection of copy number alterations in samples with low circulating tumor DNA fraction. medRxiv preprint. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.05.04.24306860.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.04.24306860"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13029-016-0060-z","article-title":"PureCN: copy number calling and SNV classification using targeted short read sequencing","volume":"11","author":"Riester","year":"2016","journal-title":"Source Code Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.2702","article-title":"Trial design and objectives for castration-resistant prostate cancer: updated recommendations from the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3","volume":"34","author":"Scher","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.8671","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA analysis in patients with cancer: American society of clinical oncology and college of american pathologists joint review","volume":"36","author":"Merker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-018-0595-5","article-title":"Cell-free DNA profiling of metastatic prostate cancer reveals microsatellite instability, structural rearrangements and clonal hematopoiesis","volume":"10","author":"Mayrhofer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0080","unstructured":"Brilleman SL, Elci EM, Novik JB, Wolfe R. Bayesian survival analysis using the rstanarm R package 2020. arXiv preprint. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2002.09633."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3864","article-title":"Modelling continuous exposures with a \u201cspike\u201d at zero: a new procedure based on fractional polynomials","volume":"29","author":"Royston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3841","article-title":"Dose-response analyses using restricted cubic spline functions in public health research","volume":"29","author":"Desquilbet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.3696","article-title":"Updated prognostic model for predicting overall survival in first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"32","author":"Halabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780111409","article-title":"The accelerated failure time model: a useful alternative to the Cox regression model in survival analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"1992","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.03.205","article-title":"Cabazitaxel versus abiraterone or enzalutamide in poor prognosis metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase II trial","volume":"32","author":"Annala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvac224","article-title":"Prognostic value of low-pass whole genome sequencing of circulating tumor DNA in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"69","author":"N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.03.196","article-title":"Plasma tumor gene conversions after one cycle abiraterone acetate for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a biomarker analysis of a multicenter international trial","volume":"32","author":"Jayaram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0937","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA genomics correlate with resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide in prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Annala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-2328","article-title":"Clinical impact of detecting low-frequency variants in cell-free DNA on treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"27","author":"Mizuno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-1625","article-title":"Evolution of castration-resistant prostate cancer in ctDNA during sequential androgen receptor pathway inhibition","volume":"27","author":"Annala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.05.030","article-title":"Elucidating prostate cancer behaviour during treatment via low-pass whole-genome sequencing of circulating tumour DNA","volume":"80","author":"Sumanasuriya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102728","article-title":"Clinical and genomic insights into circulating tumor DNA-based alterations across the spectrum of metastatic hormone-sensitive and castrate-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"54","author":"Kohli","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45475-w","article-title":"Prediction of plasma ctDNA fraction and prognostic implications of liquid biopsy in advanced prostate cancer","volume":"15","author":"Fonseca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2011.217","article-title":"Hazard ratios in cancer clinical trials\u2014a primer","volume":"9","author":"Blagoev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70129-9","article-title":"Enzalutamide monotherapy in hormone-naive prostate cancer: primary analysis of an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study","volume":"15","author":"Tombal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1391825","article-title":"EORTC 2238 \u201cDe-Escalate\u201d: a pragmatic trial to revisit intermittent androgen deprivation therapy in the era of new androgen receptor pathway inhibitors","volume":"14","author":"Grisay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.01.009","article-title":"A phase 2 randomized open-label study of oral darolutamide monotherapy versus androgen deprivation therapy in men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (EORTC-GUCG 1532)","volume":"7","author":"Tombal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"}],"container-title":["European Urology Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2588931125000379?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2588931125000379?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T08:41:35Z","timestamp":1778143295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2588931125000379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2588931125000379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2588-9311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2588-9311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prognostic Value of the Circulating Tumor DNA Fraction in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Results from the ProBio Platform Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Urology Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2025.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}