{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:23:49Z","timestamp":1791563029617,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,28]],"date-time":"2027-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1808870400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":392,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000892","name":"Prostate Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA167552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA167552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01CA228696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA228696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002794","name":"Swedish Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","euoncology.europeanurology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Urology Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T17:50:54Z","timestamp":1743961854000},"page":"259-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identifying Patients at Risk of Early Lethal Prostate Cancer by Integrating Family History, Polygenic Risk Score, Rare Variants in DNA Repair Genes, and Lifestyle Factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhizhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad H.","family":"Stopsack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Kibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Giovannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Penney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Vijai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip W.","family":"Kantoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark M.","family":"Pomerantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Offit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorelei A.","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Plym","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0005","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0010","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.17703","article-title":"Familial risk and heritability of cancer among twins in Nordic countries","volume":"315","author":"Mucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00748-0","article-title":"Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction","volume":"53","author":"Conti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01534-4","article-title":"Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4926","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-1723","article-title":"Family history of prostate and breast cancer integrated with a polygenic risk score identifies men at highest risk of dying from prostate cancer before age 75 years","volume":"28","author":"Plym","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.04.013","article-title":"Combined effect of a polygenic risk score and rare genetic variants on prostate cancer risk","volume":"80","author":"Darst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa132","article-title":"Germline sequencing DNA repair genes in 5545 Men with aggressive and nonaggressive prostate cancer","volume":"113","author":"Darst","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.3482","article-title":"Germline sequencing analysis to inform clinical gene panel testing for aggressive prostate cancer","volume":"9","author":"Darst","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.11.033","article-title":"Germline mutations in ATM and BRCA1\/2 distinguish risk for lethal and indolent prostate cancer and are associated with early age at death","volume":"71","author":"Na","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.02.003","article-title":"Identification of genes with rare loss of function variants associated with aggressive prostate cancer and survival","volume":"7","author":"Saunders","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkab097","article-title":"DNA repair pathways and their association with lethal prostate cancer in African American and European American men","volume":"6","author":"Plym","year":"2022","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.11.014","article-title":"Performance of three inherited risk measures for predicting prostate cancer incidence and mortality: a population-based prospective analysis","volume":"79","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.04.021","article-title":"2022 Update on prostate cancer epidemiology and risk factors\u2014a systematic review","volume":"84","author":"Bergengren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34898","article-title":"Healthy dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in men at high genetic risk","volume":"155","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90542-W","article-title":"Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of coronary disease in men","volume":"338","author":"Rimm","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199601000-00014","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of a self-administered physical activity questionnaire for male health professionals","volume":"7","author":"Chasan-Taber","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(85)90031-3","article-title":"A randomized trial of aspirin and \u03b2-carotene among U.S. physicians","volume":"14","author":"Hennekens","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prev Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116211","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of an expanded self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire among male health professionals","volume":"135","author":"Rimm","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173997","article-title":"A comprehensive survey of genetic variation in 20,691 subjects from four large cohorts","volume":"12","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0142-8","article-title":"Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci","volume":"50","author":"Schumacher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-2483","article-title":"Germline DNA damage repair variants and prognosis of patients with high-risk or metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"31","author":"Stopsack","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01948-7","article-title":"Post-diagnostic health behaviour scores in relation to fatal prostate cancer","volume":"127","author":"Graff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv329","article-title":"Development and application of a lifestyle score for prevention of lethal prostate cancer","volume":"108","author":"Kenfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0050","article-title":"Prostate cancer, version 4.2023, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"21","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Natl Comprehens Cancer Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-23-0022","article-title":"Polygenic risk score modifies prostate cancer risk of pathogenic variants in men of African ancestry","volume":"3","author":"Hughley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000131","article-title":"A nearly unavoidable mechanism for collider bias with index-event studies","volume":"25","author":"Flanders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0140","first-page":"345","article-title":"Body mass index, height, and prostate cancer mortality in two large cohorts of adult men in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0145","first-page":"64","article-title":"A prospective study of intake of fish and marine fatty acids and prostate cancer","volume":"12","author":"Augustsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.06.037","article-title":"Recreational physical activity in relation to prostate cancer\u2013specific mortality among men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.08.059","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of tobacco use and prostate cancer mortality and incidence in prospective cohort studies","volume":"66","author":"Islami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30027","article-title":"Lycopene, tomato products and prostate cancer\u2010specific mortality among men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.05.008","article-title":"A healthy lifestyle in men at increased genetic risk for prostate cancer","volume":"83","author":"Plym","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.20034","article-title":"Early prostate cancer deaths among men with higher vs lower genetic risk","volume":"7","author":"Plym","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5910","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0370","article-title":"Family history of breast or prostate cancer and prostate cancer risk","volume":"24","author":"Barber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["European Urology Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2588931125000835?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2588931125000835?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T02:35:58Z","timestamp":1778898958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2588931125000835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2588931125000835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2588-9311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2588-9311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identifying Patients at Risk of Early Lethal Prostate Cancer by Integrating Family History, Polygenic Risk Score, Rare Variants in DNA Repair Genes, and Lifestyle Factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Urology Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2025.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}