{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:19:37Z","timestamp":1791397177511,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"s2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Heterogeneity of transmural ventricular repolarization in the heart has been linked to a variety of arrhythmic manifestations. Electrical heterogeneity in ventricular myocardium is due to ionic distinctions among the three principal cell types: Endocardial, M and Epicardial cells. A reduction in net repolarizing current generally leads to a preferential prolongation of the M cell action potential. An increase in net repolarizing current can lead to a preferential abbreviation of the action potential of right ventricular epicardium or left ventricular endocardium. These changes can result in amplification of transmural heterogeneities of repolarization and thus predispose to the development of potentially lethal reentrant arrhythmias. The long QT, short QT, Brugada and catecholaminergic VT syndromes are all examples of pathologies that have very different phenotypes and aetiologies, but share a common final pathway in causing sudden death via amplification transmural or other spatial dispersion of repolarization within the ventricular myocardium. These same mechanisms are likely to be responsible for life-threatening arrhythmias in a variety of other cardiomyopathies ranging from heart failure and hypertrophy, which may involve mechanisms very similar to those operative in long QT syndrome, to isch-aemia and infarction, which may involve mechanisms more closely resembling those responsible for the Brugada syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2005.05.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,26]],"date-time":"2005-07-26T20:17:06Z","timestamp":1122409026000},"page":"S3-S9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Cardiac repolarization. The long and short of it*"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Antzelevitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gordon K. Moe Scholar, Masonic Medical Research Laboratory 2150 Bleecker Street, Utica, NY 13501-1787, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019071510160432100_b1","first-page":"654","article-title":"Electrical heterogeneity in the heart: physiological, pharmacological and clinical implications","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology. Section 2 The Cardiovascular System","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2001"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b2","first-page":"H548","article-title":"Ito and action potential notch are smaller in left vs. right canine ventricular epicardium","volume":"271","author":"Di Diego","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.2.206","article-title":"Repolarizing K+ currents ITO1 and IKs are larger in right than left canine ventricular midmyocardium","volume":"99","author":"Volders","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.68.6.1729","article-title":"A subpopulation of cells with unique electrophysiological properties in the deep subepicardium of the canine ventricle. The M cell","volume":"68","author":"Sicouri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00287.x","article-title":"The M cell: its contribution to the EGG and to normal and abnormal electrical function of the heart","volume":"10","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00667.x","article-title":"The controversial M cell","volume":"10","author":"Anyukhovsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1994.tb01121.x","article-title":"Distribution of M cells in the canine ventricle","volume":"5","author":"Sicouri","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.18.1921","article-title":"Characteristics and distribution of M cells in arterially-perfused canine left ventricular wedge preparations","volume":"98","author":"Yan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2001","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00987.2003","article-title":"Heterogeneous connexin43 expression produces electrophysiological heterogeneities across ventricular wall","volume":"286","author":"Poelzing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.03514.x","article-title":"Transmural distribution of connexins in rodent hearts","volume":"15","author":"Yamada","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b11","first-page":"H689","article-title":"Larger late sodium conductance in M cells contributes to electrical heterogeneity in canine ventricle","volume":"281","author":"Zygmunt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.76.3.351","article-title":"Characteristics of the delayed rectifier current (IKr and IKs) in canine ventricular epicardial, midmyocardial, and endocardial myocytes","volume":"76","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b13","first-page":"H1671","article-title":"INa-Ca contributes to electrical heterogeneity within the canine ventricle","volume":"278","author":"Zygmunt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.2.372","article-title":"Cellular basis for the electrocardiographic J wave","volume":"93","author":"Yan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.18.1928","article-title":"Cellular basis for the normal T wave and the electrocardiographic manifestations of the long QT syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Yan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.01369.x","article-title":"Cellular basis for complex T waves and arrhythmic activity following combined I(Kr) and I(Ks) block","volume":"12","author":"Emori","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1998.tb01083.x","article-title":"New insight into repolarization abnormalities in patients with congenital long QT syndrome: the increased transmural dispersion of repolarization","volume":"21","author":"Lubinski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2001.00817.x","article-title":"Extrasystolic beats affect transmural electrical dispersion during programmed electrical stimulation","volume":"31","author":"Wolk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Clinical Invest"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01200-6","article-title":"Sympathetic stimulation produces a greater increase in both transmural and spatial dispersion of repolarization in LQT1 than LQT2 forms of congenital long QT syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Tanabe","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240000487","article-title":"Within-subject electrocardiographic differences at equal heart rates: role of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"441","author":"Frederiks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4950250706","article-title":"T-peak to T-end interval may be a better predictor of high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with a cardiac troponin I mutation than QT dispersion","volume":"25","author":"Shimizu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000048142.85076.A2","article-title":"Exercise stress test amplifies genotype-phenotype correlation in the LQT1 and LQT2 forms of the long-QT syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Takenaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2004.02.002","article-title":"Transmural dispersion of repolarization and ventricular tachyarrhythmias","volume":"37","author":"Watanabe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.1.89","article-title":"Genotype-phenotype correlation in the long-QT syndrome: gene-specific triggers for life-threatening arrhythmias","volume":"103","author":"Schwartz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20030010","article-title":"T wave peak-to-end interval and QT dispersion in acquired long QT syndrome: a new index for arrhythmogenicity","volume":"105","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2004.02.002","article-title":"Transmural dispersion of repolarization and ventricular tachyarrhythmias","volume":"37","author":"Watanabe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000139333.83620.5D","article-title":"Electrophysiologic effects of ranolazine: a novel anti-anginal agent with antiarrhythmic properties","volume":"110","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000085066.05180.40","article-title":"Cisapride-induced transmural dispersion of repolarization and Torsade de Pointes in the canine left ventricular wedge preparation during epicardial stimulation","volume":"108","author":"Di Diego","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-7216-0323-8\/50021-X","article-title":"Drug-induced channelopathies","volume-title":"Cardiac Electrophysiology. From Cell to Bedside","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2004","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2003.10.002","article-title":"Assessing predictors of drug-induced Torsade de Pointes","volume":"24","author":"Belardinelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.03534.x","article-title":"Drug-induced Torsade de Pointes and implications for drug development","volume":"15","author":"Fenichel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90626-X","article-title":"The idiopathic long QT syndrome: progress and questions","volume":"109","author":"Schwartz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.3.1136","article-title":"The long QT syndrome: prospective longitudinal study of 328 families","volume":"84","author":"Moss","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.3.1414","article-title":"The long QT interval syndrome: a Rosetta stone for sympathetic related ventricular tachyarrhythmias","volume":"84","author":"Zipes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90359-3","article-title":"SCN5A mutations associated with an inherited cardiac arrhythmia, long QT syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01335","article-title":"Ankyrin-B mutation causes type 4 long-QT cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death","volume":"421","author":"Mohler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00342-7","article-title":"Mutations in Kir2.1 cause the developmental and episodic electrical phenotypes of Andersen's syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Plaster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90358-5","article-title":"A molecular basis for cardiac arrhythmia: HERG mutations cause long QT syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Curran","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0196-17","article-title":"Positional cloning of a novel potassium channel gene: KVLQT1 mutations cause cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1197-338","article-title":"Mutations in the hminK gene cause long QT syndrome and suppress IKs function","volume":"17","author":"Splawski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.011","article-title":"Ca(V)1.2 calcium channel dysfunction causes a multisystem disorder including arrhythmia and autism","volume":"119","author":"Splawski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b42","first-page":"1","article-title":"The QT interval","volume":"43","author":"Bednar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00017-6","article-title":"Electrophysiological remodeling in hypertrophy and heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Tomaselli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.17.2137","article-title":"Enhanced Ca(2+) release and Na\/Ca exchange activity in hypertrophied canine ventricular myocytes: potential link between contractile adaptation and arrhythmogenesis","volume":"102","author":"Sipido","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.24.2455","article-title":"Downregulation of delayed rectifier K(+) currents in dogs with chronic complete atrioventricular block and acquired Torsades de Pointes","volume":"100","author":"Volders","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050306","article-title":"Repolarization abnormalities in cardiomyocytes of dogs with chronic heart failure: role of sustained inward current","volume":"55","author":"Undrovinas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.23.2545","article-title":"Novel, ultraslow inactivating sodium current in human ventricular cardiomyocytes","volume":"98","author":"Maltsev","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-200201000-00007","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms underlying the long QT syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.6.706","article-title":"Effects of a K(+) channel opener to reduce transmural dispersion of repolarization and prevent Torsade de Pointes in LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3 models of the long-QT syndrome","volume":"102","author":"Shimizu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.21.2314","article-title":"Cellular basis for the ECG features of the LQT1 form of the long QT syndrome: effects of b-adrenergic agonists and antagonists and sodium channel blockers on transmural dispersion of repolarization and Torsade de Pointes","volume":"98","author":"Shimizu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.6.2038","article-title":"Sodium channel block with mexiletine is effective in reducing dispersion of repolarization and preventing Torsade de Pointes in LQT2 and LQT3 models of the long-QT syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Shimizu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00582-3","article-title":"Differential effects of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists in LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3 models of the long QT syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Shimizu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.3079","article-title":"Gene-specific response of dynamic ventricular repolarization to sympathetic stimulation in LQT1, LQT2 and forms of congenital long QT syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Noda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.1.89","article-title":"Genotype-phenotype correlation in the long- QT syndrome: gene-specific triggers for life-threatening arrhythmias","volume":"103","author":"Schwartz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)90772-5","article-title":"Clinical and genetic variables associated with acute arousal and non-arousal-related cardiac events among subjects with long QT syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Ali","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.11.1341","article-title":"Association of long QT syndrome loci and cardiac events among patients treated with beta-blockers","volume":"292","author":"Priori","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90253-J","article-title":"Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death: a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome: a multicenter report","volume":"20","author":"Brugada","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.5.510","article-title":"Sodium channel blockers identify risk for sudden death in patients with ST-segment elevation and right bundle branch block but structurally normal hearts","volume":"101","author":"Brugada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2000.01320.x","article-title":"Effect of sodium channel blockers on ST segment, QRS duration, and corrected QT interval in patients with Brugada syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Shimizu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.20.2509","article-title":"Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation syndrome: a prospective evaluation of 52 families","volume":"102","author":"Priori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.00268.x","article-title":"The Brugada syndrome: ionic basis and arrhythmia mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00528-2","article-title":"The Brugada syndrome: clinical, electrophysiologic and genetic aspects","volume":"33","author":"Gussak","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.15.1660","article-title":"Cellular basis for the Brugada syndrome and other mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis associated with ST segment elevation","volume":"100","author":"Yan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(96)00115-0","article-title":"Phase 2 reentry as a mechanism of initiation of circus movement reentry in canine epicardium exposed to simulated ischemia","volume":"32","author":"Lukas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000046046.53721.90","article-title":"Brugada syndrome. A decade of progress","volume":"91","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01964-2","article-title":"The electrophysiologic mechanism of ST-segment elevation in Brugada syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Kurita","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000047299","article-title":"Idiopathic short QT interval: a new clinical syndrome?","volume":"94","author":"Gussak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017931020747","article-title":"ECG phenomenon of idiopathic and paradoxical short QT intervals","volume":"6","author":"Gussak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiac Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000085071.28695.C4","article-title":"Short QT syndrome: a familial cause of sudden death","volume":"108","author":"Gaita","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000109482.92774.3A","article-title":"Sudden death associated with short QT-syndrome linked to mutations in HERG","volume":"109","author":"Brugada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000130409.72142.FE","article-title":"A molecular and pathophysiological substrate for the short QT interval syndrome","volume":"109","author":"Bellocq","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000143078.48699.0C","article-title":"Amplified transmural dispersion of repolarization as the basis for arrhythmogenesis in a canine ventricular-wedge model of short-QT syndrome","volume":"110","author":"Extramiana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.5.1512","article-title":"Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in children: A 7-year follow-up of 21 patients","volume":"91","author":"Leenhardt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00461-1","article-title":"Arrhythmic disorder mapped to chromosome 1q42\u2013q43 causes malignant polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in structurally normal hearts","volume":"34","author":"Swan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000020013.73106.D8","article-title":"Clinical and molecular characterization of patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia","volume":"106","author":"Priori","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.2.196","article-title":"Mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor gene (hRyR2) underlie catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia","volume":"103","author":"Priori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.4.485","article-title":"Mutations of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) gene in familial polymorphic ventricular tachycardia","volume":"103","author":"Laitinen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000038886.18992.6B","article-title":"Absence of calsequestrin 2 causes severe forms of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia","volume":"91","author":"Postma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2019071510160432100_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.479295","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms underlying the development of catecholaminergic ventricular tachycardia","volume":"111","author":"Nam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["EP Europace"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article-pdf\/7\/s2\/S3\/28936144\/s3.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T14:21:22Z","timestamp":1563200482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article\/7\/s2\/S3\/520973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eupc.2005.05.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-2092","1099-5129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-2092","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1099-5129","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]}}}