{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T22:26:44Z","timestamp":1770503204989,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Neuropsychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,10]],"date-time":"2004-08-10T19:56:00Z","timestamp":1092167760000},"page":"75-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Acute and continuation risperidone monotherapy in bipolar mania: a 3-week placebo-controlled trial followed by a 9-week double-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anatoly B.","family":"Smulevich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumant","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari\u00eblle","family":"Eerdekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Karcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"issue":"4 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revision)","volume":"159","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0104","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for bipolar disorder from the Department of Veteran Affairs","volume":"60","author":"Bauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0412","article-title":"Impact of bipolar disorder on a US community sample","volume":"64","author":"Calabrese","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib5","first-page":"233","article-title":"The extrapyramidal symptom rating scale [abstract]","volume":"7","author":"Chouinard","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012","article-title":"The global assessment scale: a procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance","volume":"33","author":"Endicott","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib7","article-title":"Direct medical treatment costs for patients with bipolar episodes in the UK","author":"Finnern","year":"2003"},{"issue":"Suppl. 12A","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"The expert consensus guideline series. Treatment of bipolar disorder","volume":"57","author":"Frances","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199711000-00006","article-title":"Long-term risperidone treatment in bipolar disorder: 6-month follow up","volume":"12","author":"Ghaemi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379704200211","article-title":"Acute treatment of bipolar disorder with adjunctive risperidone in outpatients","volume":"42","author":"Ghaemi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(99)00026-7","article-title":"Prophylaxis of bipolar disorder: how and who should we treat in the long term?","volume":"9","author":"Goodwin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881103017002003","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology","volume":"17","author":"Goodwin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib13","unstructured":"Gopal, S., Kramer, M.L., Olsen, M.K., Steffens, D.C., 2003. Mania remission rates in a randomized-controlled trial of risperidone. Presented at: 156th Annnual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; May 17\u201322, 2003; San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib14","article-title":"The effects of antipsychotic partial compliance on resource utilization in a schizophrenia and bipolar population","author":"Grogg","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.3.227","article-title":"Annual cost of bipolar disorder to UK Society","volume":"180","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib16","series-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. Publication ADM 76-338","first-page":"534","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.6.1057","article-title":"Rapid antimanic effect of risperidone monotherapy: a 3-week multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"171","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199100610-00006","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia in bipolar affective disorder: a catchment area study","volume":"6","author":"Hunt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib19","article-title":"Quetiapine monotherapy for mania associated with bipolar disorder","author":"Jones","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01308-6","article-title":"Alpha2C-adrenorepector blockade by clozapine and other antipsychotic drugs","volume":"462","author":"Kalkman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib21","first-page":"43","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia in affective disorders","volume":"60","author":"Kane","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib22","first-page":"79S","article-title":"Treatment of mania, mixed state, and rapid cycling","volume":"42","author":"Kusumakar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1999.tb00972.x","article-title":"A combined analysis of double-blind studies with risperidone vs. placebo and other antipsychotic agents: factors associated with extrapyramidal symptoms","volume":"99","author":"Lemmens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00105-4","article-title":"Efficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertindole compared to conventional antipsychotics and placebo. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"35","author":"Leucht","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib25","first-page":"5","article-title":"Risperidone: a novel antipsychotic with balanced serotonin-dopamine antagonism receptor occupancy profile, and pharmacologic activity","volume":"55","author":"Leysen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00059.x","article-title":"A review of psychosocial outcome in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"103","author":"MacQueen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n1210","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of typical and atypical antipsychotics as add-on therapy to mood stabilizers in the treatment of acute mania","volume":"62","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800040052008","article-title":"Persistent tardive dyskinesia in bipolar patients","volume":"43","author":"Mukherjee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib30","series-title":"Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series. Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020","author":"Murray","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib31","first-page":"109","article-title":"Risperidone: review of its therapeutic utility in depression","volume":"35","author":"Myers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.11.1455","article-title":"Higher frequency of neuroleptic-induced dystonia in mania than in schizophrenia","volume":"145","author":"Nasrallah","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.10.3.799-812","article-title":"The brief psychiatric rating scale","volume":"10","author":"Overall","year":"1962","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib34","first-page":"29","article-title":"Extrapyramidal side effects and tolerability of risperidone: a review","volume":"55","author":"Owens","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib35","first-page":"1S","article-title":"Dopaminergic deficit and mood disorders","volume":"17","author":"Pania","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200015060-00005","article-title":"Effects of risperidone on affective symptoms in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Peuskens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0503","article-title":"Medication treatment for the severely and persistently mentally ill: the Texas Medication Algorithm Project","volume":"60","author":"Rush","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib38","unstructured":"Sachs, G.S., Printz, D.J., Kahn, D.A., Carpenter, D., Docherty, J.P., 2000. The Expert Consensus Guideline Series: medication treatment of bipolar disorder 2000. Postgrad. Med. Special Number, 1\u2013104."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.7.1146","article-title":"Combination of a mood stabilizer with risperidone or haloperidol for treatment of acute mania: a double-blind comparison of efficacy and safety","volume":"159","author":"Sachs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib40","first-page":"176","article-title":"Risperidone compared with both lithium and haloperidol in mania: double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Segal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90112-0","article-title":"Mortality in affective disorder","volume":"31","author":"Sharma","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.10.1303","article-title":"Health care utilization and costs among patients treated for bipolar disorder in an insured population","volume":"50","author":"Simon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.9.841","article-title":"Efficacy of olanzapine in acute bipolar mania: a double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"57","author":"Tohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib44","article-title":"Olanzapine versus lithium in relapse prevention in bipolar disorder","author":"Tohen","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib45","article-title":"Acute and continuation risperidone monotherapy in mania","author":"Vieta","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199804000-00012","article-title":"Treatment of refractory rapid cycling bipolar disorder with risperidone","volume":"18","author":"Vieta","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n1011","article-title":"Risperidone safety and efficacy in the treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective disorders: results from a 6-month, multicenter, open study","volume":"62","author":"Vieta","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0809","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of schizoaffective disorder: initial results from a large multicenter surveillance study","volume":"62","author":"Vieta","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00481-5","article-title":"Risperidone in the treatment of mania: efficacy and safety results from a large multicentre, open study in Spain","volume":"72","author":"Vieta","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib50","article-title":"Risperidone in the treatment of manic or mixed episodes of bipolar disorder","author":"Vieta","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib51","unstructured":"World Health Report, 2001. Available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/whr2001\/2001\/main\/en\/figures\/figure2.2.htm. Accessed September 4, 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.2.141","article-title":"Mood stabilisers plus risperidone or placebo in the treatment of acute mania. International, double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"182","author":"Yatham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200307000-00005","article-title":"Risperidone in acute and continuation treatment of mania","volume":"18","author":"Yatham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429","article-title":"A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Young","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 8","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib55","first-page":"52","article-title":"Antipsychotic drug side effect issues in bipolar manic patients","volume":"61","author":"Zarate","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004632206684","article-title":"Functional impairment and cognition in bipolar disorder","volume":"71","author":"Zarate","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Q."}],"container-title":["European Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924977X04000951?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924977X04000951?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T01:29:06Z","timestamp":1549330146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0924977X04000951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924977X04000951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-977X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-977X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}