{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:20:27Z","timestamp":1792002027462,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6-7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Neuropsychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,27]],"date-time":"2007-01-27T12:14:09Z","timestamp":1169900049000},"page":"440-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Omega-3 fatty acid monotherapy for pediatric bipolar disorder: A prospective open-label trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Janet","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Biederman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Mick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Waxmonsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liisa","family":"Hantsoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne E.","family":"Cluette-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Laposata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02637069","article-title":"Arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid ratio in blood correlates positively with clinical symptoms of depression","volume":"31","author":"Adams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n1111","article-title":"The naturalistic course of pharmacologic treatment of children with manic-like symptoms: a systematic chart review","volume":"59","author":"Biederman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.03.019","article-title":"Open-label, 8-week trial of Olanzapine and Risperidone for the treatment of bipolar disorder in preschool-aged children","volume":"58","author":"Biederman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2005.15.311","article-title":"An open-label trial of Risperidone in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder","volume":"15","author":"Biederman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200210000-00011","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine as adjunctive treatment for adolescent mania","volume":"41","author":"Delbello","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00166-3","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in the diet and in red blood cell membranes of depressed patients","volume":"48","author":"Edwards","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000046893.27264.53","article-title":"Combination lithium and Divalproex sodium in pediatric bipolarity","volume":"42","author":"Findling","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.1.46","article-title":"Efficacy of ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in bipolar depression: randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"188","author":"Frangou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199908000-00011","article-title":"Risperidone treatment for juvenile bipolar disorder: a retrospective chart review","volume":"38","author":"Frazier","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1089\/10445460152595568","article-title":"A prospective open-label treatment trial of olanzapine monotherapy in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder","volume":"11","author":"Frazier","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199203000-00011","article-title":"The Mania Rating Scale: can it be used in children? A preliminary report","volume":"31","author":"Fristad","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3109\/10401239509149039","article-title":"The Mania Rating Scale (MRS): further reliability and validity studies with children","volume":"7","author":"Fristad","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199802000-00009","article-title":"Double-blind and placebo-controlled study of lithium for adolescent bipolar disorders with secondary substance dependency","volume":"37","author":"Geller","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.18.2185","article-title":"The fats of life: the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of coronary heart disease","volume":"161","author":"Harper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)79168-6","article-title":"Fish consumption and major depression","volume":"351","author":"Hibbeln","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00151-5","article-title":"The membrane phospholipid hypothesis as a biochemical basis for the neurodevelopmental concept of schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Horrobin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1054\/plef.1999.0037","article-title":"Depression and bipolar disorder: relationships to impaired fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, immunological abnormalities, cancer, ageing and osteoporosis. Possible candidate genes","volume":"60","author":"Horrobin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib19","series-title":"Search for the causes of schizophrenia","first-page":"1","article-title":"The membrane phospholipid concept of schizophrenia","author":"Horrobin","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(94)90043-4","article-title":"The membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Horrobin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200006000-00009","article-title":"Effect size of lithium, divalproex sodium, and carbamazepine in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder","volume":"39","author":"Kowatch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200503000-00006","article-title":"Treatment guidelines for children and adolescents with bipolar disorder","volume":"44","author":"Kowatch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s177","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.41.s177","article-title":"The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network: preliminary summary of demographics, course of illness and response to novel treatments","volume":"41","author":"Kupka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.13.3.384","article-title":"New subscales for an anchored version of the brief psychiatric rating scale: construction, reliability, and validity in acute psychiatric admissions","volume":"13","author":"Lachar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(95)00092-5","article-title":"Fatty acid composition in major depression: decreased omega 3 fractions in cholesteryl esters and increased C20: 4 omega 6\/C20:5 omega 3 ratio in cholesteryl esters and phospholipids","volume":"38","author":"Maes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(94)90048-5","article-title":"Plasma membrane phospholipid and cholesterol distribution of skin fibroblasts from drug-naive patients at the onset of psychosis","volume":"13","author":"Mahadik","year":"1994","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib27","first-page":"839","article-title":"CGI (Clinical Global Impression) Scale \u2014 NIMH","volume":"21","author":"National Institute of Mental Health","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.3.477","article-title":"Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to maintenance medication treatment for recurrent unipolar depressive disorder","volume":"159","author":"Nemets","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2222","article-title":"Cross-national comparisons of seafood consumption and rates of bipolar disorders","volume":"160","author":"Noaghiul","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib30","series-title":"Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Epidemiologic Version. Nova Southeastern University","author":"Orvaschel","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.10.913","article-title":"A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs","volume":"59","author":"Peet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(95)00001-L","article-title":"Depleted red cell membrane essential fatty acids in drug-treated schizophrenic patients","volume":"29","author":"Peet","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00206-0","article-title":"Depletion of omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cell membranes of depressive patients","volume":"43","author":"Peet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00083-9","article-title":"Two double-blind placebo-controlled pilot studies of eicosapentaenoic acid in the treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"49","author":"Peet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2003.00051.x","article-title":"An overview of recent findings of the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network (Part I)","volume":"5","author":"Post","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.64.4.442","article-title":"A Depression Rating Scale for children","volume":"64","author":"Poznanski","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.6.925","article-title":"Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on phospholipid fatty acid composition in plasma and erythrocytes","volume":"63","author":"Prisco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.5.407","article-title":"Omega 3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder","volume":"56","author":"Stoll","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200210000-00012","article-title":"An open-label trial of Divalproex in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder","volume":"41","author":"Wagner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00095-X","article-title":"Membrane phospholipid abnormalities in postmortem brains from schizophrenic patients","volume":"42","author":"Yao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429","article-title":"A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Young","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3104_15","article-title":"Factor structure of the Young Mania Rating Scale for use with youths ages 5 to 17\u00a0years","volume":"31","author":"Youngstrom","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psych."}],"container-title":["European Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924977X06002562?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924977X06002562?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T14:46:25Z","timestamp":1683729985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0924977X06002562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6-7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924977X06002562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-977X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-977X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}}}