{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T03:04:04Z","timestamp":1779332644877,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Neuropsychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,11]],"date-time":"2007-06-11T13:04:40Z","timestamp":1181567080000},"page":"672-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The effect of doxapram on brain imaging in patients with panic disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Garakani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monte S.","family":"Buchsbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randall E.","family":"Newmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelain","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy J.","family":"Aaronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuliya","family":"Torosjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"King-Wai","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack M.","family":"Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199607000-00002","article-title":"Respiratory psychophysiology and anxiety: cognitive intervention in the doxapram model of panic","volume":"58","author":"Abelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(96)00005-4","article-title":"Neuroendocrine responses to laboratory panic: cognitive intervention in the doxapram model","volume":"21","author":"Abelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.668","article-title":"Cognitive modulation of the endocrine stress response to a pharmacological challenge in normal and panic disorder subjects","volume":"62","author":"Abelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20220","article-title":"HPA axis activity in patients with panic disorder: review and synthesis of four studies","volume":"24","author":"Abelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib60","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07095.x","article-title":"Brain imaging studies in mood and anxiety disorders: special emphasis on the amygdala","volume":"985","author":"Anand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00178-6","article-title":"Modulation of spatial attention by fear-conditioned stimuli: an event-related fMRI study","volume":"40","author":"Armony","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.295","article-title":"Emotion, decision making, and the orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"10","author":"Bechara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.9.1178","article-title":"Cerebral glucose metabolism in women with panic disorder","volume":"155","author":"Bisaga","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930000.55.S1.113","article-title":"Chaotic EEG patterns during recall of stressful memory related to panic attack","volume":"55","author":"Bob","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","article-title":"Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion","volume":"14","author":"Borg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib15","first-page":"301","article-title":"Provocative agents in panic disorder","volume":"50","author":"Bourin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.85.5.600","article-title":"Ventilatory effects of doxapram in conscious human subjects","volume":"85","author":"Burki","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(97)01214-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory","volume":"21","author":"Cahill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0650065","article-title":"The ventilatory effects of doxapram in normal man","volume":"65","author":"Calverley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2005.03.036","article-title":"Doxapram increases corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity and mRNA expression in the rat central nucleus of the amygdala","volume":"26","author":"Choi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.15.030192.002033","article-title":"The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(87)90002-3","article-title":"Measurement of lactate-induced panic and anxiety","volume":"20","author":"Dillon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib23","first-page":"237","article-title":"Ventilatory and circulatory effects of doxapram, mediated by carotid body chemoreceptors","volume":"17","author":"Folgering","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07092.x","article-title":"Amygdaloid regional cerebral blood flow and subjective fear during symptom provocation in anxiety disorders","volume":"985","author":"Fredrikson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.5.425","article-title":"Common changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with social phobia treated with citalopram or cognitive\u2013behavioral therapy","volume":"59","author":"Furmark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.493","article-title":"Neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder, revised","volume":"157","author":"Gorman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.2.125","article-title":"Physiological changes during carbon dioxide inhalation in patients with panic disorder, major depression, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: evidence for a central fear mechanism","volume":"58","author":"Gorman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.12.004","article-title":"Serotonin, the periaqueductal gray and panic","volume":"28","author":"Graeff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.9.2.198","article-title":"The neuroanatomy of 5-HT dysregulation and panic disorder","volume":"9","author":"Grove","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.10.010","article-title":"Doxapram-induced panic attacks and cortisol elevation","volume":"133","author":"Gutman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib32","first-page":"218","article-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology","volume":"vol. 76\u2013338","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200001170-00009","article-title":"Modulating emotional responses: effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system","volume":"11","author":"Hariri","year":"2000","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.8.1190","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis with MRI and PET of the size, shape, and function of the thalamus in the schizophrenia spectrum","volume":"156","author":"Hazlett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5303_14","article-title":"The anxiety thermometer: a validation study","volume":"53","author":"Houtman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.7.1379","article-title":"Prediction of panic response to a respiratory stimulant by reduced orbitofrontal cerebral blood flow in panic disorder","volume":"162","author":"Kent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.7.926","article-title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness and disgust","volume":"154","author":"Lane","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.46.020195.001233","article-title":"Emotion: clues from the brain","volume":"46","author":"LeDoux","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90299-S","article-title":"Panic attacks induced by doxapram","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00246-7","article-title":"Brain activation in PTSD in response to trauma-related stimuli","volume":"45","author":"Liberzon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200303030-00006","article-title":"Brain regions showing increased activation by threat-related words in panic disorder","volume":"4","author":"Maddock","year":"2003","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/383812a0","article-title":"A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions","volume":"383","author":"Morris","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib44","first-page":"261","article-title":"Cerebral glucose metabolic differences in patients with panic disorder","volume":"3","author":"Nordahl","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00026-2","article-title":"Regional cerebral metabolic asymmetries replicated in an independent group of patients with panic disorders","volume":"44","author":"Nordahl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib47","first-page":"340","article-title":"The change of regional brain metabolism (18FDG PET) in panic disorder during the treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy or antidepressants","volume":"25","author":"Prasko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07096.x","article-title":"Neuroimaging studies of amygdala function in anxiety disorders","volume":"985","author":"Rauch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-01-00324.2002","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of infralimbic and prelimbic prefrontal cortical inhibition and dopaminergic modulation of basolateral amygdala neurons in vivo","volume":"22","author":"Rosenkranz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200506210-00010","article-title":"Cerebral glucose metabolism associated with a fear network in panic disorder","volume":"16","author":"Sakai","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.06.017","article-title":"Changes in cerebral glucose utilization in patients with panic disorder treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy","volume":"33","author":"Sakai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902760191135","article-title":"Modulation of amygdalar activity by the conscious regulation of negative emotion","volume":"14","author":"Schaefer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.11.1571","article-title":"Multicenter collaborative panic disorder severity scale","volume":"154","author":"Shear","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01733-X","article-title":"Rodent doxapram model of panic: behavioral effects and c-fos immunoreactivity in the amygdala","volume":"53","author":"Sullivan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00157-3","article-title":"Differential amygdala activation during emotional decision and recognition memory tasks using unpleasant words: an fMRI study","volume":"39","author":"Tabert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00411.1998","article-title":"Masked presentations of emotional facial expression modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge","volume":"18","author":"Whalen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Supp. 51","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib57","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chemical respirogenesis: a comparative study","author":"Winnie","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199307000-00004","article-title":"MRI\u2013PET registration with automated algorithm","volume":"17","author":"Woods","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."}],"container-title":["European Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924977X07000934?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924977X07000934?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T01:15:09Z","timestamp":1707959709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0924977X07000934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924977X07000934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-977X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-977X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}}}