{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:25:04Z","timestamp":1790846704799,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["europeanneuropsychopharmacology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Neuropsychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]],"date-time":"2014-09-16T06:01:39Z","timestamp":1410847299000},"page":"223-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Are cognitive deficits similar in remitted early bipolar I disorder patients treated with lithium or valproate? Data from the STOP-EM study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kesavan","family":"Muralidharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Marie","family":"Kozicky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"B\u00fccker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo E.","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan J.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi N.","family":"Yatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378002500209","article-title":"Evaluation of lithium response. Psychometric findings","volume":"25","author":"Ananth","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.36","article-title":"The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery in patients with bipolar I disorder","volume":"36","author":"Burdick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol.: Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib3","series-title":"California Verbal Learning Test","author":"Delis","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2012.01910.x","article-title":"Pharmacological approaches in bipolar disorders and the impact on cognition: a critical overview","volume":"126","author":"Dias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-007-0478-3","article-title":"Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus","volume":"331","author":"Ehninger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib5","first-page":"S27","article-title":"Cognitive side effects of anticonvulsants","volume":"62","author":"Goldberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib6","series-title":"A Manual for the Adult Stroop Color and Word Test","author":"Golden","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib7","first-page":"46","article-title":"Comparative neurocognitive effects of 5 psychotropic anticonvulsants and lithium","volume":"8","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2006","journal-title":"MedGenMed: Medscape Gen. Med."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2012.03.004","article-title":"The cumulative load of depressive illness is associated with cognitive function in the remitted state of unipolar depressive disorder","author":"Hasselbalch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry: J. Assoc. Eur. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2012.01004.x","article-title":"Neurocognitive functioning in patients recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder","volume":"14","author":"Hellvin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.108.s180.4.x","article-title":"Epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and cognition","volume":"180","author":"Hirsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2008.00628.x","article-title":"A comparison of cognitive functioning in medicated and unmedicated subjects with bipolar depression","volume":"10","author":"Holmes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01117.x","article-title":"Reversible cognitive and neurological symptoms during valproic acid therapy","volume":"55","author":"Hommet","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib13","first-page":"167","article-title":"Lithium induced cognitive side-effects in bipolar disorder: a qualitative analysis and implications for daily practice","volume":"14","author":"Honig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16659","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407643101","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibition-mediated neuronal differentiation of multipotent adult neural progenitor cells","volume":"101","author":"Hsieh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01320.x","article-title":"Neurocognitive functions in euthymic bipolar patients","volume":"119","author":"Jamrozinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198812000-00008","article-title":"Lack of differential cognitive effects of lithium and carbamazepine in bipolar affective disorder","volume":"8","author":"Joffe","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2006.10.008","article-title":"Adult neurogenesis and hippocampal memory function: new cells, more plasticity, new memories?","volume":"18","author":"Kitabatake","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199308000-00007","article-title":"Neuropsychologic effects of lithium discontinuation","volume":"13","author":"Kocsis","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32834e3bea","article-title":"Comparison of neuropsychological effects of adjunctive risperidone or quetiapine in euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder","volume":"27","author":"Kozicky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib21","series-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment","author":"Lezak","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04673yel","article-title":"Lithium treatment effects on the neuropsychological functioning of patients with bipolar I disorder","volume":"71","author":"L\u00f3pez-Jaramillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000115653.82763.07","article-title":"Cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs in children","volume":"62","author":"Loring","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01323.x","article-title":"Consequences of antiepileptic drug withdrawal: a randomized, double-blind study (Akershus Study)","volume":"49","author":"Lossius","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2004.00147.x","article-title":"A functional MRI study of working memory task in euthymic bipolar disorder: evidence for task-specific dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Monks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.07m03745","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the effects of lithium treatment on prefrontal and subgenual prefrontal gray matter volume in treatment-responsive bipolar disorder patients","volume":"70","author":"Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712001948","article-title":"Persistence of cognitive impairment and its negative impact on psychosocial functioning in lithium-treated, euthymic bipolar patients: a 6-year follow-up study","volume":"43","author":"Mora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.135525","article-title":"Impact of depressive episodes on cognitive deficits in early bipolar disorder: data from the Systematic Treatment Optimization Programme for Early Mania (STOP-EM)","volume":"205","author":"Muralidharan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07010042","article-title":"The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, part 1: test selection, reliability, and validity","volume":"165","author":"Nuechterlein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.029868","article-title":"Lithium and risk for Alzheimer\u05f3s disease in elderly patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"190","author":"Nunes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry: J Ment. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000054","article-title":"Antidepressive effect of sodium valproate involving suppression of corticotropin-releasing factor expression and elevation of BDNF expression in rats exposed to chronic unpredicted stress","volume":"25","author":"Qiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib32","series-title":"The Halstead\u2013Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery","author":"Reitan","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib33","first-page":"266","article-title":"Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): a factor analytic study of a large sample of normal elderly volunteers","volume":"5","author":"Robbins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00277.x","article-title":"Evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of cross-sectional evidence","volume":"8","author":"Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib35","first-page":"617","article-title":"Excellent lithium responders have normal cognitive functions and plasma BDNF levels","volume":"13","author":"Rybakowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.\/Off. Sci. J. Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmacol. (CINP)"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00481.x","article-title":"Impaired verbal memory and otherwise spared cognition in remitted bipolar patients on monotherapy with lithium or valproate","volume":"9","author":"Senturk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.96.1.64","article-title":"Effects of lithium carbonate on the memory and motor speed of bipolar outpatients","volume":"96","author":"Shaw","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib38","first-page":"S22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"The J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01055.x","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Torres","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001613","article-title":"Relationship between cognitive functioning and 6-month clinical and functional outcome in patients with first manic episode bipolar I disorder","volume":"41","author":"Torres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04997yel","article-title":"Neurocognitive functioning in patients with bipolar I disorder recently recovered from a first manic episode","volume":"71","author":"Torres","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.11.073","article-title":"Valproic acid reduces spatial working memory and cell proliferation in the hippocampus","volume":"166","author":"Umka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01503.x","article-title":"The influence of medications on neurocognition in bipolar disorder","volume":"120","author":"Vieta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib44","series-title":"The Wechsler Memory Scale\u2014III manual","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib45","series-title":"Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Seasonal Affective Disorders Version (SIGH-SAD)","author":"Williams","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00665.x","article-title":"Neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder patients: functional implications","volume":"11","author":"Wingo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08r04972","article-title":"Effects of lithium on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Wingo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400208","article-title":"Course and outcome after the first manic episode in patients with bipolar disorder: prospective 12-month data from the Systematic Treatment Optimization Program For Early Mania project","volume":"54","author":"Yatham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00432.x","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2007","volume":"8","author":"Yatham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2005.00219.x","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: consensus and controversies","volume":"7","author":"Yatham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12025","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2013","volume":"15","author":"Yatham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00672.x","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2009","volume":"11","author":"Yatham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00830.x","article-title":"The International Society for Bipolar Disorders-Battery for Assessment of Neurocognition (ISBD-BANC)","volume":"12","author":"Yatham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429","article-title":"A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Young","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry: JMent. Sci."}],"container-title":["European Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924977X14002569?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924977X14002569?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T01:06:20Z","timestamp":1565831180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0924977X14002569"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924977X14002569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-977X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-977X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Are cognitive deficits similar in remitted early bipolar I disorder patients treated with lithium or valproate? Data from the STOP-EM study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown copyright \u00a9 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}