{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T05:07:03Z","timestamp":1794632823155,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation (Cluster of Excellence EXC 257 NeuroCure)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Neuropsychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]],"date-time":"2015-04-15T17:29:10Z","timestamp":1429118950000},"page":"1167-1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["High-dose baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence (BACLAD study): A randomized, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Christian A.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Geisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Pelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Higl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Stickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Dieter","family":"Wernecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Hellweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.5.504","article-title":"Baclofen efficacy in reducing alcohol craving and intake: a preliminary double-blind randomized controlled study","volume":"37","author":"Addolorato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agr017","article-title":"Dose-response effect of baclofen in reducing daily alcohol intake in alcohol dependence: secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Addolorato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61814-5","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study","volume":"370","author":"Addolorato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00140","article-title":"GABAB receptor ligands for the treatment of alcohol use disorder: preclinical and clinical evidence","volume":"8","author":"Agabio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh130","article-title":"Complete and prolonged suppression of symptoms and consequences of alcohol-dependence using high-dose baclofen: a self-case report of a physician","volume":"40","author":"Ameisen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib7","unstructured":"Agence nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du m\u00e9dicament et des produits de sant\u00e9 (ANSM), Recommandation Temporaire d\u05f3Utilisation (RTU) du baclof\u00e8ne dans le traitement de l\u05f3alcoolo-d\u00e9pendance, 2014, available from: \u3008http:\/\/ansm.sante.fr\/S-informer\/Points-d-information-Points-d-information\/Une-recommandation-temporaire-d-utilisation-RTU-est-accordee-pour-le-baclofene-Point-d-information\u3009. [22.01.2015]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01475.x","article-title":"The Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale: a self-rated instrument for the quantification of thoughts about alcohol and drinking behavior","volume":"19","author":"Anton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.17.2003","article-title":"Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence: the COMBINE study: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"295","author":"Anton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2026","article-title":"Effect of brain structure, brain function, and brain connectivity on relapse in alcohol-dependent patients","volume":"69","author":"Beck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2005.06.015","article-title":"Acamprosate for the treatment of alcohol dependence","volume":"27","author":"Boothby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-951918","article-title":"[One drink, one drunk--controlled drinking by alcoholics? 3-year-outcome after intensive outpatient treatment]","volume":"57","author":"Bottlender","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychoth. Psychosom. Med. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90098-4","article-title":"GABAA and GABAB receptor site distribution in the rat central nervous system","volume":"20","author":"Bowery","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib13","series-title":"Nonparametric Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Factorial Experiments","author":"Brunner","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.10.004","article-title":"Pharmacological management of alcohol dependence: from mono-therapy to pharmacogenetics and beyond","volume":"24","author":"Caputo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033315","article-title":"Role of GABA(B) receptor in alcohol dependence: reducing effect of baclofen on alcohol intake and alcohol motivational properties in rats and amelioration of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol craving in human alcoholics","volume":"6","author":"Colombo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1397-y","article-title":"Baclofen suppresses motivation to consume alcohol in rats","volume":"167","author":"Colombo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00103","article-title":"Suppression of alcohol dependence using baclofen: a 2-year observational study of 100 patients","volume":"3","author":"de Beaurepaire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2006.11.003","article-title":"Reward system and addiction: what dopamine does and doesn\u05f3t do","volume":"7","author":"Di Chiara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib19","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (EMA), 2013, available from: \u3008http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/ema\/index.jsp?curl=pages\/medicines\/human\/medicines\/002583\/human_med_001620.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124\u3009. [22.01.2015]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00805.x","article-title":"Acute interaction of baclofen in combination with alcohol in heavy social drinkers","volume":"33","author":"Evans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10238","article-title":"Baclofen antagonizes nicotine-, cocaine-, and morphine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rat","volume":"50","author":"Fadda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt169","article-title":"Self-intoxication with baclofen in alcohol-dependent patients with co-existing psychiatric illness: an emergency department case series","volume":"49","author":"Franchitto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01273.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of baclofen for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Garbutt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib25","series-title":"HAMA-Hamilton Anxiety Scale","author":"Hamilton","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"re7","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.128re7","article-title":"Ethanol\u05f3s molecular targets","volume":"1","author":"Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(02)00628-4","article-title":"Dopaminergic dysfunction in alcoholism and schizophrenia--psychopathological and behavioral correlates","volume":"17","author":"Heinz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur, Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.14.1641","article-title":"Topiramate for treating alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"298","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.110","article-title":"Neurocircuitry of addiction","volume":"35","author":"Koob","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1024\/suc.2000.46.2.90","article-title":"Die OCDS-G: Psychometrische Kennwerte der deutschen Version der Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale","volume":"24","author":"Mann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sucht"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.020","article-title":"Extending the treatment options in alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled study of as-needed nalmefene","volume":"73","author":"Mann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib31","volume":"vol. 6","author":"Maurer","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib32","first-page":"56","article-title":"Measurement strategies: the visual analogue scale","volume":"6","author":"Mottola","year":"1993","journal-title":"Decubitus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2014.876008","article-title":"Current pharmacological treatment approaches for alcohol dependence","volume":"15","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249098","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam for outpatient alcohol detoxification","volume":"43","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31824929b2","article-title":"High-dose baclofen for treatment-resistant alcohol dependence","volume":"32","author":"Pastor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib37","series-title":"Medical Management Treatment Manual","author":"Pettinati","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182860e84","article-title":"Baclofen for alcohol-dependence: anticraving or partial substitution?","volume":"33","author":"Rolland","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib39","first-page":"CD004332","article-title":"Acamprosate for alcohol dependence","author":"R\u00f6sner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib40","first-page":"CD001867","article-title":"Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence","author":"R\u00f6sner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl. 20","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib41","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib42","series-title":"Alcohol Dependence Scale: Users Guide","author":"Skinner","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib43","series-title":"Timeline Follow-back: A Technique for Assessing Self-reported Ethanol Consumption","author":"Sobell","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.264","article-title":"Acamprosate produces its anti-relapse effects via calcium","volume":"39","author":"Spanagel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000222512.25649.08","article-title":"The status of disulfiram: a half of a century later","volume":"26","author":"Suh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(09)17721-X","article-title":"Intrathecal administration of GABA agonists in the vegetative state","volume":"177","author":"Taira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02605.1996","article-title":"The pharmacology of mesolimbic dopamine neurons: a dual-probe microdialysis study in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens of the rat brain","volume":"16","author":"Westerink","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6","article-title":"Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"382","author":"Whiteford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib49","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), Internationale Klassifikation psychischer St\u00f6rungen ICD-10 Kapitel V (F) Forschungskriterien. Dilling H., Mombour W., Schmidt M.H., Schulte\u2010Warkwort E., Eds., 1994, Huber, Bern."},{"issue":"Suppl. 75, Suppl, 17","key":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.15288\/jsads.2014.s17.79","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorders: seventy-five years of progress","author":"Zindel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"}],"container-title":["European Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924977X15001029?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924977X15001029?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T12:03:56Z","timestamp":1656849836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0924977X15001029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924977X15001029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.725697523.793509385","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0924-977X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-977X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High-dose baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence (BACLAD study): A randomized, placebo-controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}