{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:07:59Z","timestamp":1780632479556,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5981,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800018149_abs001\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Panic disorder (PD) is generally regarded as a chronic condition with considerable variation in severity of symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800018149_abs002\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the long-term outcome of naturalistically treated PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800018149_abs003\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty-five outpatients with PD, who participated in a placebo-controlled drug trial of the efficacy of alprazolam and imipramine 15 years ago were reassessed with the same instruments used in the original study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800018149_abs004\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete recovery (no panic attacks and no longer on medication during the last 10 years) was seen in 18% of patients, and an additional 13% recovered but were still on medication. Fifty-one percent experienced recurrent anxiety attacks whereas 18% still met diagnostic criteria for PD. The incidence of agoraphobia decreased from 69% to 20%. Patients with agoraphobia at admission tended to have a poorer long-term outcome according to daily functioning compared with patients without agoraphobia at admission, although both groups reported improved daily functioning at follow-up. Maintenance medication was common. No benzodiazepine abuse was reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800018149_abs005\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PD has a favourable outcome in a substantial proportion of patients. However, the illness is chronic and needs treatment. 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