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A manual review of paper reference lists was also conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800258811_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>By classic diagnostic validators, the diagnostic validity of categorically-defined mixed depression (i.e. at least 2\u20133 manic\/hypomanic symptoms) is mainly supported by family history (the current strongest diagnostic validator). Its diagnostic utility is supported by treatment response (negative effects of antidepressants). A dimensionally-defined mixed depression is instead supported by a non-bi-modal distribution of its intradepression manic\/hypomanic symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800258811_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Categorically-defined mixed depression may have some diagnostic validity (family history is the current strongest validator). 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