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GDNF is a neurotrophic factor from the transforming growth factor-\u03b2-family, playing a role in cell development and function in the limbic system. This is the first study to examine GDNF concentration in different brain regions of patients with depressive disorder (DD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800258483_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used sandwich-ELISA-technique to ascertain GDNF concentration and Lowry assay for overall protein levels in post-mortem brain tissue of 7 patients with recurrent depressive disorder and 14 individuals without any neurological or psychiatric diagnoses. We included cortical regions as well as limbic area's (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex) basal ganglia (putamen, caudate nucleus), thalamus and cingulated gyrus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800258483_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a significant increase in GDNF concentration in the parietal cortex of patients with DD compared to the control group. In other regions the trend of an increased GDNF concentration did not reach statistical difference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800258483_abs4\" sec-type=\"discussion\"><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This proof of concept study supports previous findings of an alteration of the GDNF in patients with depressive disorder. However, for the first time a significant increase of GDNF in a cortical brain area was found in DD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2008.06.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,31]],"date-time":"2008-08-31T09:38:31Z","timestamp":1220175511000},"page":"413-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Altered glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) concentrations in the brain of patients with depressive disorder: A comparative post-mortem study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tanja 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