{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:19:53Z","timestamp":1793409593191,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3393,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antipsychotics are the cornerstone in the management of psychotic disorders and schizophrenia. They are effective agents but also have a wide range of side effects. In the recent literature constipation as possible side effect has received little attention. A review of the literature concerning constipation associated with antipsychotics was performed. Overall constipation is a rarely studied or reported side effect of antipsychotic medication. Nevertheless constipation is a common side effect. Antipsychotic agents differ in their liability to induce constipation. Constipation can be severe and can lead to serious consequences such as paralytic ileus, bowel occlusion and death. Active screening, monitoring and treatment are recommended. Further research on incidence, prevalence, underlying mechanisms and preventive measures is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,10]],"date-time":"2010-06-10T09:02:24Z","timestamp":1276160544000},"page":"34-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Second-generation antipsychotics and constipation: A review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"M. De","family":"Hert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Hudyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Dockx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bernagie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sweers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Leucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Peuskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(04)95441-3"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib67","first-page":"30","article-title":"Clozapine-induced bowel infarction: A case report.","volume":"6","author":"McKinnon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200523050-00006"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200519001-00001"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.50.4.416"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0401"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32805b71a3"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.781"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-6-43"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.10.011"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.611"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1334"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200522030-00006"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i17.2465"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.11.033"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antipsychotica en acetylcholine: een stand van zaken.","volume":"6","author":"Floris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199040050-00007"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib61","first-page":"530","article-title":"Risperidone and megacolon.","volume":"43","author":"Lim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970510030090"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.01.013"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1999.tb00760.x"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib85","first-page":"21","article-title":"Clozapine-induced intestinal obstruction\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a critical examination of four cases.","volume":"12","author":"Seller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Afr J psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.7.970","article-title":"Intestinal dilatation associated with phenothiazine therapy: a case report and literature review.","volume":"136","author":"Evans","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib22","first-page":"141","article-title":"Antipsychotica en constipatie: een literatuurstudie.","volume":"3","author":"Dockx","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Verpleging"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib47","first-page":"3","article-title":"Reducing clozapine-related morbidity and mortality: 5\u00a0years of experience with the Clozaril National Registry.","volume":"59","author":"Honigfeld","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01631.x"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib69","first-page":"14","article-title":"Review and management of clozapine side effects.","volume":"61","author":"Miller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2006.042630"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900026298"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-8-5"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950180094013","article-title":"Clozapine-associated postoperative ileus: case report and review of the literature.","volume":"52","author":"Erickson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib24","first-page":"149","article-title":"Clozapine and constipation: a serious issue.","volume":"31","author":"Drew","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(10)71702-8"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000303100304"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200721110-00004"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib83","first-page":"16","article-title":"Severe faecal impaction under clozapine, resulting in death.","volume":"11","author":"Rousseau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J AMPQ (Assoc Med Psychiatr Que)"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0205"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61764-X"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.07.011"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.01.005"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.3.415"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.03.027"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib8","first-page":"579","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of somatic complications arising from the use of antipsychotics.","volume":"50","author":"Cahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107075509"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0106"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02845405","article-title":"Clinical study on treatment of constipation caused by antipsychotic drugs with acupuncture and tuina combined with laxative suppository.","volume":"2","author":"Fan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acupunct Tuina Sci"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000185423.15891.02"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105059505"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib12","unstructured":"[12] Committee on Safety of Medicines\/Medicines Control. Agency. Clozapine (Clozaril) and gastrointestinal obstruction. Curr Probl Pharmacovigilance 1999;25:1.."},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31815b5cb1"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yic.0000201496.23259.85"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib19","first-page":"96","article-title":"Paralytic ileus and Mallory\u2013Weiss syndrome with fatal outcome in clozapine therapy.","volume":"11","author":"Degner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacotherapy"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.4.340"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.596","article-title":"Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes.","volume":"27","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2006.10.012"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n1210e"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.19.40.41.s53"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/20.2.235"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib65","first-page":"12","article-title":"Constipation: it can be severe with clozapine.","volume":"18","author":"Mathew","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust Adverse Drug React Bull"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[26] Ellis, PM . Clozapine: Fatal \u2018constipation\u2019 more common than fatal agranulocytosis. 2007; http:\/\/www.medsafe.govt.nz\/profs\/PUArticles\/clozGI.htm..","DOI":"10.1017\/S0924270800031148"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2242"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970500483177"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(08)62468-3"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib33","unstructured":"[33] FDABLE. 2009. www.fdable.com\/aers\/advanced_query\/ (accessed 28th\u00a0July\u00a02009, 9th\u00a0September\u00a02009 and 11th\u00a0September\u00a02009).."},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442568"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib39","first-page":"36","article-title":"Paralytic ileus during haloperidol therapy.","volume":"6","author":"Gaszner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Hung"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197503000-00019"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-815507","article-title":"The AMUP study for drug surveillance in psychiatry\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a summary of inpatient data.","volume":"37","author":"Grohmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051688"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.2.298a","article-title":"Clopazine-induced constipation.","volume":"152","author":"Hayes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60486-9"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.v02n0403"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-815505","article-title":"The AMSP drug safety program: methods and global results.","volume":"37","author":"Grohmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1007"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib52","first-page":"216","article-title":"Clozapine en ileus.","volume":"49","author":"Kok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01095.x"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002136"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10398560701882203"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08030368"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.43.1.71"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib59","first-page":"38","article-title":"Managing side effects to maximize clozapine therapy.","volume":"59","author":"Lieberman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.061"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib63","first-page":"71","article-title":"Clinical analysis in the main side effects of clozapine: enclosed 600\u00a0cases report.","volume":"24","author":"Lu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.600"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.175.6.576"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib73","unstructured":"[73] NICE. Schizophrenia core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in adults in primary and secondary care 2009. http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/nicemedia\/pdf\/SchizophreniaUpdateFullGuidelineDraft%20ForConsultation.pdf.."},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31819a91f1"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0509"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib76","first-page":"144","article-title":"Clozapine-induced intestinal occlusion: a serious side effect.","volume":"78","author":"Pelizza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.10.1123"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199706000-00021"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200022030-00004"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2007.00843.x"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07465.x"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib95","first-page":"474","article-title":"Current aspects of the use of clozapine in the Chalons-sur-Marne Psychiatric Hospital: intestinal occlusion with clozapine (French).","volume":"153","author":"Theret","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01416.x"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199711000-00014"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib100","first-page":"152","article-title":"Somatic medication in hospitalised schizophrenic patients in Belgium.","volume":"1","author":"Wampers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib101","first-page":"1","article-title":"Roadmap survey, translating the psychopharmacology of antipsychotics to individualized treatment for severe mental illness: a roadmap.","volume":"68","author":"Weiden","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n1009"},{"key":"S0924933800110107_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.07.012"}],"container-title":["European Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092493381000074X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092493381000074X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0924933800110107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T05:49:14Z","timestamp":1635486554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0924933800110107\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924933800110107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-9338","1778-3585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-9338","type":"print"},{"value":"1778-3585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}}}