{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:27:47Z","timestamp":1792697267739,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3027,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between antipsychotic use and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is controversial. There is a lack of long-term prospective studies investigating changes in cardiometabolic risk in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. We report data from a 4-year prospective study. Patients (89) underwent detailed metabolic and cardiovascular risk assessment at 4-years which included anthropometric assessment, blood pressure, lipid profile, and an oral glucose tolerance test. We used the homeostatic model assessment to determine insulin resistance, and calculated 10-year cardiovascular risk scores. Mean age of subjects was 44.7 (\u00b111.5) years, and 52% were male. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 8%, and 38.4% fulfilled diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome. With the exception of increased central adiposity over the 4-year follow-up period (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001), other cardiometabolic parameters were generally unchanged. There was a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia, but only 16.9% were prescribed lipid-lowering treatment. Commencing lipid-lowering therapy was associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk score (OR 7.9, 95% CI = 1.3 to 48.7;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.02). Patients established on longer-term antipsychotic treatment show less dramatic metabolic changes than those occurring in the early stages of treatment, but have a high burden of cardiovascular risk. Lipid-lowering therapy is associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.08.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,31]],"date-time":"2010-10-31T08:44:25Z","timestamp":1288514665000},"page":"50-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A four-year naturalistic prospective study of cardiometabolic disease in antipsychotic-treated patients"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Mackin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Waton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.M.","family":"Watkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.05.018"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60742-X"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04446yel"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.104.008060"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-7-28"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.7.1061"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0905"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32832d6c18"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.031716"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.01.005"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.09.025"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.08.010"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0513"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.179"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0408"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.2.242"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.12.2191"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0095","first-page":"8","article-title":"Antipsychotic medications: metabolic and cardiovascular risk.","volume":"68","author":"Newcomer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0010","unstructured":"[2] The electronic Medicines Compendium. Datapharm Communications Limited, 2010 [http:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/]."},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.596"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0015","unstructured":"[3] National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clinical Guideline 82. Schizophrenia: Core Interventions in the Treatment and Management of Schizophrenia in Primary and Secondary Care, 2010."},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1781"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.11.1686","article-title":"Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis.","volume":"156","author":"Allison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.07.010"},{"key":"S0924933800069248_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.02.1030"}],"container-title":["European Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924933810001677?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924933810001677?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0924933800069248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T02:23:35Z","timestamp":1685845415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0924933800069248\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924933800069248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.08.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-9338","1778-3585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-9338","type":"print"},{"value":"1778-3585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}