{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:36:51Z","timestamp":1792525011772,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,3]],"date-time":"2012-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330732800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique of neuromodulation and neurostimulation based on the principle of electromagnetic induction of an electric field in the brain. The coil (H-coil) used in deep TMS is able to modulate cortical excitability up to a maximum depth of 6 cm and is therefore able not only to modulate the activity of the cerebral cortex but also the activity of deeper neural circuits. Deep TMS is largely used for the treatment of drug-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and is being tested to treat a very wide range of neurological, psychiatric and medical conditions. The aim of this review is to illustrate the biophysical principles of deep TMS, to explain the pathophysiological basis for its utilization in each psychiatric disorder (major depression, autism, bipolar depression, auditory hallucinations, negative symptoms of schizophrenia), to summarize the results presented thus far in the international scientific literature regarding the use of deep TMS in psychiatry, its side effects and its effects on cognitive functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2012.02.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T10:47:01Z","timestamp":1336042021000},"page":"30-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"F.S.","family":"Bersani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Minichino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.G.","family":"Enticott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Mazzarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Antonacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.N.","family":"Raccah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Salviati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Delle Chiaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bersani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.B.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Biondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700001975"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5215.2011.00610.x"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2007.19.2.198"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707008309"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707008309"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-002-0387-0","article-title":"Increased transcranial magnetic motor threshold after ECT. A case report","volume":"252","author":"Sommer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00052-8"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn871"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200208000-00008"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.02.015"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20689"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.04.013"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.3.424","article-title":"Negative symptoms in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"153","author":"Reichman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1166(200112)16:1+<::AID-GPS566>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200106000-00008"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.6.636"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00885.x"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.002"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2003.00011.x"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0275","first-page":"55","article-title":"ECT, rTMS and deepTMS in pharmaco-resistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review","volume":"8","author":"Minichino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Dis Treatment"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0265","first-page":"558","article-title":"Iodine-123 iodoamphetamine brain scan in a patient with auditory hallucination","volume":"29","author":"Matsuda","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1658-3"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711000642"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.08.002"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.09.061"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0225","first-page":"3","article-title":"The increasing burden of depression","volume":"7","author":"Lepine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(00)00068-8"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.12.001"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0215","first-page":"1","article-title":"Monoamine's role in depression and possible consequences for the clinical management of the core symptoms of major depression","volume":"44","author":"La Pia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Riv Psichiatr"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.11.037"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.06.038"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0170","article-title":"H-coil repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: an 18-week continuation safety and feasibility study","author":"Harel","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.02.002"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.11.027"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200403000-00012"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.06.712"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.835-a"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yct.0000177516.38421.9c"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01020-9"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.4.s1.41.x"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80715-1"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0090","first-page":"5675","article-title":"Coil design considerations for deep brain transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS)","volume":"27","author":"Deng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf189"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20671"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.541281"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0050","first-page":"67","article-title":"Magnetic stimulation of a volume conductor produces a negligible component of induced current perpendicular to the surface","volume":"423","author":"Branston","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1191","article-title":"Factors affecting interindividual differences in clozapine response: a review and case report","volume":"26","author":"Bersani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol: Clin Exp"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0020","first-page":"880","volume-title":"Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144137"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08258-X"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470910802198510"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0152-8"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1601-5215.2003.00051.x"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0295","first-page":"233","article-title":"Approach to bipolar spectrum and subthreshold mood disorders","volume":"46","author":"Pini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Riv Psichiatr"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.09.018"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0425","first-page":"337","article-title":"ECT. A critical review of meta-analyses","volume":"44","author":"Zambello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Riv Psichiatr"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181f07948"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0150","first-page":"171","article-title":"Negative symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder: a preliminary report","volume":"13","author":"Galynker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.11.008"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10041"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283366657"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.4.644"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2008.00651.x"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(90)90113-X"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0255","unstructured":"[51] M\u00e1lly J (ed), The Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous Diseases, Eurobridge Co, Budapest. 2009."},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2005.862545"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-10-3"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)00025-6"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929042947838"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2010.12.004"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90022-8"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91707-S"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0260","first-page":"204","article-title":"Transcranial Brain stimulation for treatment in mental disorders","volume":"23","author":"Marcolin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Biol Psychiatr Basel Karger"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.510893"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0040","article-title":"Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation as a therapy for treatment-resistant bipolar depression in acute and maintenance phases: a case report","author":"Bersani","journal-title":"Neurocase, article in press"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386824a0"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003806X"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92413-4"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e31802fa393"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0310","first-page":"24","article-title":"Higher hopelessness and suicide risk predict lower self-deception among psychiatric patients and non-clinical individuals","volume":"46","author":"Pompili","year":"2011","journal-title":"Riv Psichiatr"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470939345.ch19","volume-title":"Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders","author":"Schultz","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199101000-00013"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00358-8"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.1.49"},{"key":"S0924933800192545_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02446182"}],"container-title":["European Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924933812000223?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924933812000223?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0924933800192545","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:30:42Z","timestamp":1713918642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0924933800192545\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,3]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924933800192545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2012.02.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-9338","1778-3585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-9338","type":"print"},{"value":"1778-3585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,3]]}}}