{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T19:42:07Z","timestamp":1788550927684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1900,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["europsy-journal.com","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur. psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traumatic or stressful life events have long been hypothesized to play a role in causing or precipitating obsessive-compulsive symptoms but the impact of these environmental factors has rarely been investigated using genetically informative designs. We tested whether a wide range of retrospectively-reported stressful life events (SLEs) influence the lifetime presence and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in a large Swedish population-based cohort of 22,084 twins. Multiple regression models examined whether differences in SLEs within twin pairs were significantly associated with differences in OCS. In the entire sample (i.e., both monozygotic [MZ] and dizygotic twin pairs), two SLEs factors, \u201cabuse and family disruption\u201d and \u201csexual abuse\u201d, were significantly associated with the severity of OCS even after controlling for depressive symptoms. Other SLEs factors were either not associated with OCS (\u201closs\u201d, \u201cnon-sexual assault\u201d) or were no longer associated with OCS after controlling for depression (\u201cillness\/injury\u201d). Within MZ pair analyses, which effectively control for genetic and shared environmental effects, showed that only the \u201cabuse and family disruption\u201d factor remained independently related to within-pair differences in OCS severity, even after controlling for depressive symptoms. Despite being statistically significant, the magnitude of the associations was small; \u201cabuse and family disruption\u201d explained approximately 3% of the variance in OCS severity. We conclude that OCS are selectively associated with certain types of stressful life events. In particular, a history of interpersonal abuse, neglect and family disruption may make a modest but significant contribution to the severity of OCS. Further replication in longitudinal cohorts is essential before causality can be firmly established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T15:28:36Z","timestamp":1418398116000},"page":"309-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Are Stressful Life Events Causally Related to the Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms? A Monozygotic Twin Difference Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Vidal-Ribas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Stringaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"R\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Serlachius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Mataix-Cols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0150","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"Wolfe","year":"1997"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009551325629"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025409340805"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000980"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199607000-00015"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021403"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.85"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.2.275","article-title":"Childhood physical and sexual abuse in patients with anxiety disorders and in a community sample","volume":"153","author":"Stein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0225","volume-title":"Stata statistical software: release 11","year":"2009"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008043410-0\/50005-2"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0355","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Frontiers of cognitive therapy","author":"Salkovskis","year":"1996"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20792"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0280","first-page":"4","article-title":"The epidemiology and differential diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"53","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00040-5"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq144"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01461.x"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.4.358"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8018-2"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00224-4"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02287261"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508325494"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.6.875"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273170701329112"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0325","first-page":"221","article-title":"Life events in obsessive compulsive neurosis","volume":"28","author":"Kulhara","year":"1986","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089826439300500202"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002076408803400408"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797004716"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009524"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06091564"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01491.x"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000894"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2004.02.010"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20284"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(82)90026-3"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506292992"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.4.485"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-012-9947-1"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000079509"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-007-9185-9"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0215","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2007"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/016128498248917"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.04.008"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.843"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0120","first-page":"1","article-title":"Aetiological overlap between obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal twin study in adolescents and adults","author":"Bolhuis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000244"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2001.12.002"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.08.018"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.76"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626092007002005"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0220","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding and using factor scores: considerations for the applied researcher","volume":"14","author":"DiStefano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res Eval"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20238"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10028"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024437215004"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2010.12.2\/dpauls","article-title":"The genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review","volume":"12","author":"Pauls","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0205","first-page":"195","article-title":"Evaluating model fit: a synthesis of the structural equation modelling literature","author":"Hooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"7th European Conference on research methodology for business and management studies"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0210","volume-title":"Mplus user's guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2007"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.07.004"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.2.228"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.144.2.185"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003622"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20824"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.5.1.25"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.191"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0075","first-page":"182","article-title":"Role of life events in obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"48","author":"Sarkhel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.12.005"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001204)96:6<791::AID-AJMG19>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018260"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.837"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(99)00224-2"},{"key":"S092493380019114X_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20316"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.02.004","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000}}],"container-title":["European Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092493381400649X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092493381400649X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S092493380019114X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T10:00:31Z","timestamp":1650794431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S092493380019114X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S092493380019114X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.11.008","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.02.004","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0924-9338","1778-3585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-9338","type":"print"},{"value":"1778-3585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Are stressful life events causally related to the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms? A monozygotic twin difference study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.11.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}