{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:40:30Z","timestamp":1787244030850,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1900,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["europsy-journal.com","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur. psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933800191084_abs1\" sec-type=\"other\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is well established, the debate is still open in relation to bipolar depression and to a possible different effectiveness of high vs. low stimulation. The present study was aimed to assess and compare the efficacy and tolerability of different protocols of augmentative rTMS in a sample of patients with current Major Depressive Episode (MDE), poor drug response\/treatment resistance and a diagnosis of MDD or bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933800191084_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-three patients were recruited in a 4-week, blind-rater, rTMS trial and randomised to the following three groups of stimulation: (1) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10) right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) 1 HZ, 110% of the motor threshold (MT), 420 stimuli\/day; (2) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10) right DLPFC, 1 Hz, 110% MT, 900 stimuli\/day; (3) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 13) left DLPFC, 10 Hz, 80% MT, 750 stimuli\/day.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933800191084_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-nine patients completed the treatment, showing a significant reduction of primary outcome measures (HAM-D, MADRS and CGI-S total scores:\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8.1,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001;\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8.6,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001;\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4.6,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 respectively). No significant differences in terms of efficacy and tolerability were found between high vs. low frequency and between unipolar and bipolar patients. Side effects were reported by 21% of the sample. One of the 4 dropouts was caused by a hypomanic switch.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933800191084_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Augmentative rTMS appeared to be effective and well tolerated for the acute treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression with features of poor drug response\/treatment resistance, showing a comparable effectiveness profile between protocols of high and low frequency stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]],"date-time":"2015-01-05T19:15:51Z","timestamp":1420485351000},"page":"271-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Augmentative Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the Acute Treatment of Poor Responder Depressed Patients: A Comparison Study Between High and Low Frequency Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Dell\u2019Osso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Oldani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Camuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Dobrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Cremaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Benatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Arici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Grancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Carlo 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