{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:15:21Z","timestamp":1777540521115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1780,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004429","name":"University of Crete Research Funds Account","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E.L.K.E. 1348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E.L.K.E. 1348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["europsy-journal.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur. psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800191321_abs1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The<jats:italic>CACNA1C<\/jats:italic>rs1006737 risk A allele has been associated with affective psychoses and functional studies indicate that it is associated with increased hippocampal\/amygdala activity during emotional face-processing. Here we studied the impact of the risk A allele on affective startle modulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800191321_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hundred and ninety-four healthy males stratified for their<jats:italic>CACNA1C<\/jats:italic>rs1006737 genotype (GG:111, GA:67, AA:16) were presented with 18 pleasant, 18 unpleasant and 18 neutral pictures with acoustic probes (104 dB) occurring during 12 pictures in each affective category. Baseline startle was assessed during blank screens. State mood was self-rated on arrival, pre- and post-test and the emotional valence and arousal of affective pictures at post-test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800191321_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative to the other genotypes, risk A allele homozygotes presented with higher anxiety\/negative affect at pre-test, reduced and exaggerated physiological responses to the pleasant and negative pictures respectively, negative affect with reduced arousal at post-test and rated the affective pictures as less arousing and inconsistently to their physiological responses (all<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Sustained contextual negative mood predicted reduced baseline and affective startle reactivity in the AA group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800191321_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy homozygous males for the risk A allele appear to have marked contextual sensitivity, affective reactivity akin to anxiety and depression and inefficient emotional appraisal. Our findings provide phenotypic detail of the<jats:italic>CACNA1C<\/jats:italic>AA genotype in non-symptomatic individuals, which suggest primary effects in emotional circuitry, consistent with previously documented alterations in hippocampal\/amygdala processing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.03.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,5]],"date-time":"2015-04-05T23:09:51Z","timestamp":1428275391000},"page":"492-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The effects of the<i>CACNA1C<\/i>rs1006737 A\/G on affective startle modulation in healthy males"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Pasparakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Koiliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Zouraraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.-M.","family":"Tsapakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Roussos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.G.","family":"Giakoumaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bitsios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.103"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12348"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.09.001"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.3.488"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0715","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02191873"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.10.015"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.08.039"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.01.003"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.4.627"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2742"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.2.945","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data","volume":"155","author":"Pritchard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2009.00923.x"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.03.022"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.02.005"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.69"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.1.14"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1993"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21891"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3492"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2009.06.002"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000325170"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0580","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Technology in mental health care delivery systems","author":"Lang","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.04.007"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.02.126"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.7.702"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026999397379845a"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.10.028"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0124-2"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00202-5"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01665-7"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.49"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2013.09.005"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0510","first-page":"659","article-title":"Low baseline startle and deficient affective startle modulation in remitted bipolar disorder patients and their unaffected siblings","volume":"47","author":"Giakoumaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.04.020"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(99)00186-2"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0021921"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.01.027"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00768.x"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002151"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00963.x"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00924.x"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.49"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.019"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2209"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070969"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0048577299980757"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.026"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.2.2.135"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2013.00084"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/AC30-P715-Y4TD-J7D2"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.3.316"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.10.001"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.10.004"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.97.3.377"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.209"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31816fcab3"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00025-6"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01216.x"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.10.024"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.01.064"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.02.004"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.02.004"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0154","article-title":"Emotional memory and psychopathology","volume":"352","author":"Ledoux","year":"1997","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0395","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01966.x"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.09.027"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.06.001"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.96"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1974.tb02285.x"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.1.5"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1992.tb02038.x"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.03.007"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.05.001"},{"key":"S0924933800191321_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.94"}],"container-title":["European Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924933815000851?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924933815000851?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0924933800191321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T10:45:16Z","timestamp":1651661116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0924933800191321\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924933800191321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.03.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-9338","1778-3585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-9338","type":"print"},{"value":"1778-3585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effects of the CACNA1C rs1006737 A\/G on affective startle modulation in healthy males","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.03.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}