{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:14:04Z","timestamp":1791357244571,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gedeon Richter Plc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["europsy-journal.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur. psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800009330_abst0005\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Negative symptoms in schizophrenia are heterogeneous and multidimensional; effective treatments are lacking. Cariprazine, a dopamine D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-preferring D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>receptor partial agonist and serotonin 5-HT<jats:sub>1A<\/jats:sub>receptor partial agonist, was significantly more effective than risperidone in treating negative symptoms in a prospectively designed trial in patients with schizophrenia and persistent, predominant negative symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800009330_abst0010\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using post hoc analyses, we evaluated change from baseline at week 26 in individual items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and PANSS-derived factor models using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population (cariprazine = 227; risperidone = 227).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800009330_abst0015\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Change from baseline was significantly different in favor of cariprazine versus risperidone on PANSS items N1-N5 (blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, passive\/apathetic social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05), but not on N6 (lack of spontaneity\/flow of conversation) or N7 (stereotyped thinking). On all PANSS-derived negative symptom factor models evaluated (PANSS-Factor Score for Negative Symptoms, Liemburg factors, Khan factors, Pentagonal Structure Model Negative Symptom factor), statistically significant improvement was demonstrated for cariprazine versus risperidone (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.01). Small and similar changes in positive\/depressive\/EPS symptoms suggested that negative symptom improvement was not pseudospecific. Change from baseline was significantly different for cariprazine versus risperidone on PANSS-based factors evaluating other relevant symptom domains (disorganized thoughts, prosocial function, cognition;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933800009330_abst0020\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since items representing different negative symptom dimensions may represent different fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms, significant improvement versus risperidone on most PANSS Negative Subscale items and across all PANSS-derived factors suggests broad-spectrum efficacy for cariprazine in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.01.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]],"date-time":"2019-02-10T07:55:07Z","timestamp":1549785307000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["The efficacy of cariprazine in negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Post hoc analyses of PANSS individual items and PANSS-derived 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