{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:19:28Z","timestamp":1791332368851,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005972","name":"German Cancer Aid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70114830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70114830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T20:26:18Z","timestamp":1783974378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Confirmation of Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Values Improves Prostate Cancer Screening in Early Middle-Aged Men \u2013 Data from the PROBASE Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Agne","family":"Krilaviciute","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid V.","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Kaaks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Seibold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jale","family":"Lakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rouvier","family":"Al-Monajjed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kuczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina N.","family":"Harke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Rafea","family":"Kanaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Debus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph A.","family":"Grott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Liermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen E.","family":"Gschwend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Herkommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"G\u00f6ldner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Antoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Schimm\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Arsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Hadaschik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Albers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0005","unstructured":"Council of the European Union, https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2022\/12\/09\/council-updates-its-recommendation-to-screen-for-cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.07.024","article-title":"Prostate-specific antigen testing as part of a risk-adapted early detection strategy for prostate cancer: European Association of Urology position and recommendations for 2021","volume":"80","author":"Van Poppel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.07.019","article-title":"Prostate cancer early detection in the European Union and UK","volume":"87","author":"Leenen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0020","unstructured":"PRAISE U. European Commission. https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/non-communicable-diseases\/cancer\/europes-beating-cancer-plan-eu4health-financed-projects\/projects\/praise-u_en."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.11.013","article-title":"Population-based organised prostate cancer testing: results from the first invitation of 50-year-old men","volume":"85","author":"Bratt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1159\/000339601","article-title":"Relationship between dietary factors and prostate-specific antigen in healthy men","volume":"89","author":"Ohwaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)63959-6","article-title":"The prevalence of men with National Institutes of Health category IV prostatitis and association with serum prostate specific antigen","volume":"169","author":"Carver","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64711-6","article-title":"Biological variation of prostate specific antigen levels in serum: an evaluation of day-to-day physiological fluctuations in a well-defined cohort of 24 patients","volume":"157","author":"Nixon","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.07.030","article-title":"Reducing the harm of prostate cancer screening: repeated prostate-specific antigen testing","volume":"91","author":"Lavall\u00e9e","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw165","article-title":"Repeat prostate-specific antigen tests before prostate biopsy decisions","volume":"108","author":"Nordstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14197","article-title":"Repeat prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test before prostate biopsy: a 20% decrease in PSA values is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and particularly of high-grade cancer","volume":"122","author":"De Nunzio","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0060","unstructured":"Uroweb. EAU Guidlines. https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/prostate-cancer\/summary-of-changes\/2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.05.022","article-title":"Prospective randomized evaluation of risk-adapted prostate-specific antigen screening in young men: the PROBASE trial","volume":"64","author":"Arsov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1177\/1724600818754750","article-title":"Discordant prostate specific antigen test results despite WHO assay standardization","volume":"33","author":"Boegemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Markers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-119","article-title":"Assessing regression to the mean effects in health care initiatives","volume":"13","author":"Linden","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111151","article-title":"Multiparametric MRI characteristics of prostatitis and atrophy in the peripheral zone in men without prostate cancer","volume":"169","author":"Al-Monajjed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.271","article-title":"Prostate involvement during sexually transmitted infections as measured by prostate-specific antigen concentration","volume":"105","author":"Sutcliffe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23660","article-title":"Sustained influence of infections on prostate-specific antigen concentration: an analysis of changes over 10 yr of follow-up","volume":"78","author":"Langston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0095","unstructured":"Lakes J. Persistierende oder stattgehabte Infektionen mit sexuell \u00fcbertragbaren Erregern als Ursache f\u00fcr PSA-Wert-Erh\u00f6hungen bei Jungen M\u00e4nnern im Rahmen der PROBASE Studie 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-020-00400-w","article-title":"Genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity in prostate cancer","volume":"18","author":"Haffner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"}],"container-title":["European Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0302283826022396?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0302283826022396?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:10:48Z","timestamp":1785903048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0302283826022396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["S0302283826022396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-2838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-2838","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Confirmation of Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Values Improves Prostate Cancer Screening in Early Middle-Aged Men \u2013 Data from the PROBASE Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Urology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2026.06.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}