{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:51:32Z","timestamp":1793317892536,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011779","name":"Brien Holden Vision Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,17]],"date-time":"2011-12-17T12:49:25Z","timestamp":1324126165000},"page":"132-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Levels of lactoferrin, secretory IgA and serum albumin in the tear film of people with keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Sivaraman Arumugam","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Cecil","family":"Pye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark Duncan Perry","family":"Willcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200007000-00014","article-title":"Levels of collagen degradation products (telopeptides) in the tear film of patients with keratoconus","volume":"19","author":"Abalain","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.105","article-title":"Changes in tear protein profile in keratoconus disease","volume":"25","author":"Acera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3109\/02713680903477824","article-title":"Are proteinases the reason for keratoconus?","volume":"35","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib4","first-page":"543","article-title":"Tear lactoferrin levels in patients with external inflammatory ocular disease","volume":"28","author":"Ballow","year":"1987","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.8.834","article-title":"Atopy and keratoconus: a multivariate analysis","volume":"84","author":"Bawazeer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1989.64","article-title":"The ocular surface in keratoconjunctivitis sicca","volume":"3","author":"Bron","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eye (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00148-9","article-title":"Involvement of corneal nerves in the progression of keratoconus","volume":"77","author":"Brookes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.03.110187.001331","article-title":"Constitutive and regulated secretion of proteins","volume":"3","author":"Burgess","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-0484(03)00022-5","article-title":"The cascade hypothesis of keratoconus","volume":"26","author":"Cristina Kenney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cont. Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.04.003","article-title":"Neural regulation of lacrimal gland secretory processes: relevance in dry eye diseases","volume":"28","author":"Dartt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00261-6","article-title":"Tear function and ocular surface changes in keratoconus","volume":"110","author":"Dogru","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.5.409","article-title":"Infectious keratitis with corneal perforation associated with corneal hydrops and contact lens wear in keratoconus","volume":"80","author":"Donnenfeld","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib13","first-page":"65","article-title":"Keratoconus","volume":"4","author":"Edrington","year":"1995","journal-title":"Optom. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2008.07.007","article-title":"Role of lactoferrin in the tear film","volume":"91","author":"Flanagan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.110.4.984","article-title":"Immunohistologic studies of human lacrimal gland: localization of immonuoglobins, secretory component and lactoferrin","volume":"110","author":"Franklin","year":"1973","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib16","first-page":"459","article-title":"Fibronectin in the tear film","volume":"37","author":"Fukuda","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib17","first-page":"1119","article-title":"Protein levels in nonstimulated and stimulated tears of normal human subjects","volume":"31","author":"Fullard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib18","first-page":"2290","article-title":"Changes in human tear protein levels with progressively increasing stimulus","volume":"32","author":"Fullard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210301300603","article-title":"Changes in tear protein pattern after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"13","author":"Fust","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688209000774","article-title":"Human tears: normal protein pattern and individual protein determinations in adults","volume":"2","author":"Gachon","year":"1982","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77725-6","article-title":"Hard contact lens wear as an environmental risk in keratoconus","volume":"85","author":"Gasset","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75074-3","article-title":"Lactoferrin in human ocular tissues","volume":"90","author":"Gillette","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1976.03910040409017","article-title":"Electron microscopical study of the Fleisher ring","volume":"94","author":"Iwamoto","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1985.tb06817.x","article-title":"The concentration of lactoferrin in tears during post-operative ocular inflammation","volume":"63","author":"Jensen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol. (Copenh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16437","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016437","article-title":"Subnormal cytokine profile in the tear fluid of keratoconus patients","volume":"6","author":"Jun","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2417-5_51","article-title":"Analysis and function of the human tear proteins","volume":"350","author":"Kijlstra","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.67.3.199","article-title":"Lactoferrin levels in normal human tears","volume":"67","author":"Kijlstra","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib28","first-page":"193","article-title":"The role of lactoferrin in the nonspecific immune response on the ocular surface","volume":"3","author":"Kijlstra","year":"1990","journal-title":"Reg. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.11.050","article-title":"Inflammatory molecules in the tears of patients with keratoconus","volume":"112","author":"Lema","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib30","first-page":"2055","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the tear film in patients with keratoconus","volume":"16","author":"Lema","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(69)94587-5","article-title":"Immunoglobulins in human tears","volume":"68","author":"Little","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.68.5.321","article-title":"Diagnostic implications of tear protein profiles","volume":"68","author":"Mackie","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1332-y","article-title":"Videokeratoscopic indices in relation to epidemiological exposure to keratoconus","volume":"248","author":"Mato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.06.019","article-title":"Role of the tear film in the optical quality of the human eye","volume":"33","author":"Montes-Mico","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib35","first-page":"1949","article-title":"Tear proteomics in keratoconus","volume":"16","author":"Pannebaker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib36","series-title":"Foundations of Clinical Ophthalmology. Chapter 3 of Duane's Ophthalmology on CD-Rom","article-title":"The tear film","author":"Peters","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1076\/ocii.7.2.61.4023","article-title":"Tear secretory IgA: evaluation of usefulness as a diagnostic marker in herpetic keratitis","volume":"7","author":"Pramod","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1148","article-title":"Gene expression profile studies of human keratoconus cornea for NEIBank: a novel cornea-expressed gene and the absence of transcripts for aquaporin 5","volume":"46","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","article-title":"Keratoconus","volume":"42","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib40","first-page":"207","article-title":"Tear lysozyme and lactoferrin levels in giant papillary conjunctivitis and vernal conjunctivitis","volume":"14","author":"Rapacz","year":"1988","journal-title":"CLAO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2010.00462.x","article-title":"Vascular retinal, neuroimaging and ultrasonographic markers of lacunar infarcts","volume":"5","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib42","first-page":"626","article-title":"Diurnal tear cycle: evidence for a nocturnal inflammatory constitutive tear fluid","volume":"33","author":"Sack","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.61.3.218","article-title":"Immunoglobulins in tear in trachoma patients","volume":"61","author":"Sen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.07.021","article-title":"Oxidative stress in diseases of the human cornea","volume":"45","author":"Shoham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib45","first-page":"239","article-title":"HPLC analysis of closed, open, and reflex eye tear proteins","volume":"46","author":"Sitaramamma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(85)90442-7","article-title":"Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid","volume":"150","author":"Smith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.2.147","article-title":"Tear film MMP accumulation and corneal disease","volume":"85","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(63)91645-3","article-title":"Electron microscope study of the pathology of keratoconus: I","volume":"55","author":"Teng","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0497576","article-title":"Diagnostic potential of tear proteomic patterns in Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Tomosugi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(98)00056-5","article-title":"Reduced amount of secretory component of IgA secretion in tears of patients with atopic dermatitis","volume":"19","author":"Toshitani","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00664-3","article-title":"Incidence of keratoconus in subjects with vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a videokeratographic study","volume":"108","author":"Totan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689109001760","article-title":"Ocular disease leads to decreased concentrations of epidermal growth factor in the tear fluid","volume":"10","author":"van Setten","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.7","article-title":"Tear proteomics in evaporative dry eye disease","volume":"24","author":"Versura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e318193a48d","article-title":"An atypical presentation of acanthamoeba keratitis in a patient with keratoconus treated briefly with topical anesthetic","volume":"35","author":"Wolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib55","first-page":"210","article-title":"Corneal sensitivity and topogometry in keratoconus","volume":"14","author":"Zabala","year":"1988","journal-title":"CLAO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010_bib56","first-page":"2537","article-title":"Baseline findings in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) study","volume":"39","author":"Zadnik","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483511004076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483511004076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T04:54:27Z","timestamp":1757998467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483511004076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014483511004076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Levels of lactoferrin, secretory IgA and serum albumin in the tear film of people with keratoconus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}